ocr psychology a-level > debates > Flashcards

debates Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

strength of breaking deception guidelines?

A

to reduce demand characteristics

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2
Q

weakness of breaking deception guidelines?

A

ps may not have signed up if they were told true aim = issues with consent

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3
Q

strength of breaking consent guidelines?

A

reduces demand characteristics, especially in covert or field studies

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4
Q

weaknesses of breaking consent guidelines?

A

ps may not want to take part ( +in future research), discredits psychology

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5
Q

strengths about breaking confidentiality?

A

if someone said something or did something that needed to be reported in order to protect themselves or others

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6
Q

weakness of breaking confidentiality

A

people may not want findings from the study to be revealed publically with their details, issues with protection

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7
Q

strengths of breaking observation guidelines

A

higher ecological validity

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8
Q

weaknesses of breaking observation guidelines

A

issues with consent and protection due to invasion of privacy, discredits psychology

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9
Q

strengths of breaking withdrawal guidelines?

A

get to keep all your data

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10
Q

weaknesses of breaking withdrawal guidelines?

A

issues with protection

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11
Q

strengths of breaking protection guidelines

A

ecological validity

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12
Q

weaknesses of breaking protection guidelines

A

people can be harmed, may not want to participate in future studies

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13
Q

strengths of breaking advice guidelines

A

if you are not competent to give the advice it can cause less harm

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14
Q

weaknesses of breaking advice guidelines

A

breach of protection sometimes

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15
Q

strengths of breaking debrief guidelines

A

not practical sometimes

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16
Q

weaknesses of breaking debrief guidelines

A

ps may become worried about their actions = protection issues

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17
Q

what is determinism

A

the belief that behaviour is governed by forces outside of our control and we do not have a choice in how we behave

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18
Q

strengths of determinism

A
  • interventions can be put into place to prevent behaviours
  • we can predict behaviours
  • more scientific as focus is on cause and effect
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19
Q

weaknesses of determinism?

A
  • reductionist
  • takes away an individual’s responsibility for their actions
  • can be socially sensitive to label a group and say they will behave in a certain way
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20
Q

what is free will?

A

we have a choice in how we behave, behaviour is self-determined

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21
Q

strengths of free will?

A
  • makes individuals responsible for their own behaviour
  • emphasises the value of subjectivity
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22
Q

weaknesses of free will?

A
  • doesn’t support difficult to control processes eg adrenaline rush
  • less scientific and harder to research
  • suggests no predictability or patterns to behaviour
  • hard to prove– if someone exercises free will then it may be that they are just responding to a command to do so, which would support determinism
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23
Q

how could Loftus and Palmer be considered deterministic?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ‘smashed’ and ‘contacted’ verbs prompted different speed estimates

therefore behaviour is determined by the verbs

24
Q

how could Grant be considered deterministic

Study These Flashcards
A
  • context-dependent memory effects shown through MCQ scores, thus behaviours like memory are determined by environments
25
how is Milgram deterministic?
- 65% pts were obedient and administered full 450 volt shock behaviour determined by situation + presence of authority figure
26
how is Milgram free will based?
35% pts were defiant and refused to administer full 450V shock resisted the situation and chose to be defiant
27
how is Bocchiaro free will based?
14 people whistleblew and chose to fill in the form
28
how is Bocchiaro deterministic?
76.5% people obeyed behaviour determined by situation faith determined likelihood to whistleblow
29
what does the nature side of the debate believe?
that behaviour is innate and has biological causes eg hormones, genes and evolution can be studied with studies from the biological area
30
strength of the nature side of the debate?
useful applications: we can focus on treating biological causes of behaviour eg medication for anxiety
31
what does the nurture side of the debate believe?
behaviour is a result of our upbringing and environmental factors eg punishment, reinforcement and influences such as stimuli in the environment
32
weakness of the nature side of the debate?
is reductionist as it simplifies the cause of behaviour down to biological causes and ignores the influence of the environment
33
strength of the nurture side of the debate?
useful applications we can focus on supporting people when behaviour is the result of nurture eg a child is aggressive due to witnessing aggression
34
weakness of the nurture side of the debate?
reductionist as it simplifies the cause of behaviour down to environmental causes, ignores the influence of biology
35
what is a longitudinal study?
where a group of participants are followed over a period of time
36
strength of longitudinal studies?
can show how behaviour develops so there are practical applications
37
weaknesses of longitudinal studies?
high levels of participant attrition? withdrawal more time consuming and expensive
38
what are snapshot studies?
carried out over a short period of time eg hours or days
39
strength of snapshot studies?
quicker and cheaper
40
weakness of snapshot studies?
only show one period of time, can make the research dated and hard to generalise cannot explain how behaviour develops
41
what is reductionism?
the cause of behaviour is simplified into smaller individual parts research can be reductionist if it: - only focuses on one explanation of behaviour - only has one IV/DV - only gathers quantitative data
42
strengths of reductionism?
more scientific as you are focusing on one cause of behaviour therefore it's easier to identify cause and effect
43
weaknesses of reductionism?
lacks validity as it is too simplistic and ignores other causes of behaviour
44
what is holism?
looks at behaviour as a whole including the multiple causes research can be holistic if it: - considers multiple explanations of behaviour - has multiple IV/DVs - gathers qualitative data, or both quantitative and qualitative data - is longitudinal
45
strengths of holism?
increases validity as all explanations for the cause of behaviour are explored
46
weaknesses of holism?
less scientific as it is hard to determine which one variable is causing behaviour
47
what are the factors that determine the usefulness of a study?
- usefulness of findings, does it tell us something useful about behaviour? - usefulness of sample, can it be generalised to the real world? - does it have ecological validity? - is it reliable? - is it valid?
48
what does socially sensitive research mean?
any research that could cause offense or upset to the ps or a group in society
49
what can make research socially sensitive?
any research which looks at differences between groups based on: culture gender age race social class diagnosed disorders beliefs
50
advantages of conducting socially sensitive research?
it allows us to find out about differences between groups progresses our understanding of human behaviour could lead to ways to support or improve behaviour can establish patterns of behaviour to prevent atrocities eg Milgram
51
disadvantages of conducting socially sensitive research?
can lead to stereotyping and discrimination difficult to replicate due to their sensitive nature people may not want to participate in future research could cause psychological harm
52
what does the individual side of the debate believe?
behaviour is a result of an individual's unique internal characteristics, eg personality, genes, age, gender etc the focus is on causes of behaviour that come from within the individual and ignores external factors
53
strength of assuming behaviour is dispositional?
provides explanations for unique behaviours deterministic, allows for prediction of behaviour useful applications, knowing the cause means interventions can be put in place
54
weakness of assuming behaviour is dispositional?
reductionist, ignores the influence of situation difficult to change behaviour if it is innate personality can change depending on the situation
55
what does the situational side of the debate believe?
behaviour is a result of environment, context and situation, eg upbringing, peer group, location the focus is on causes of behaviour that come from the environment and ignores internal factors
56
strength of assuming behaviour is situational?
provides explanations for group behaviours, can remove blame deterministic, allows for prediction of behaviour useful applications, knowing the cause means interventions can be put into place
57
weakness of assuming behaviour is situational?
reductionist, ignores influence of individual factors removes personal responsibility for behaviour
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