Debates

Question 1

What are the six ethical considerations?

Answer 1

Consent
Withdrawal
Deception
Protection from Harm
Confidentiality
Debriefing

Question 2

What are the 4 broader ethical principles?

Answer 2

Respect
Competence
Responsibility
Integrity

Question 3

As a ethical principle what does respect entail.

Answer 3

Informed consent
Withdrawal
Confidentiality

Question 4

As a ethical principle what does responsibility entail?

Answer 4

Protection from harm
Debriefing

Question 5

As an ethical principle what does integrity entail?

Answer 5

Deception

Question 6

What is competence (as an ethical principle)?

Answer 6

Psychologist should only conduct research in areas they are qualified/familiar.
They should t use an technical equipment or engage in psychological practice the are not trained to

Question 7

What does informed consent involve?

Answer 7

Each participant must give formal permission to take part and know the true purpose of the study

Question 8

What’s the best way to obtain informed consent?

Answer 8

Have participants sign a consent form prior to the research

Question 9

What is withdrawal?

Answer 9

Participants should be made aware that they can leave at any point and there should be. O pressure put on the participants to stay

Question 10

What is confidentiality?

Answer 10

Names should not be revealed unless they have given permission

Question 11

What should the researcher use instead of participants names?

Answer 11

Use their initials (eg. ED)

Question 12

What is protection from harm?

Answer 12

Researchers shouldn’t harm participants either physically or psychologically through distress or emotional pain

Question 13

What is debriefing?

Answer 13

At the end of research participants should be told the true aim of the study and all the participants questions should be answered

Question 14

What is deception?

Answer 14

Where participants should not be lied to about the purpose of the study and should be fully informed about why they are taking part in the research

Question 15

What ethical consideration applies to only observational research?

Answer 15

Participants should on,t be observed in places where they could reasonably,y expect to be observed

Question 16

How can the ethical guidelines enforcement be defended?

Answer 16

Participants are treated with more respect
This enhances the reputation of the subject
It makes it easier for researchers to obtain participants for future studies

Question 17

What are the benefits of psychological research being ethical?

Answer 17

• it avoids participants leaving the study in a different p/worse state than when they entered
• it makes replication of the study possible in order to see is the observed effect is consistent
• enhances the reputation/integrity of psychology as a academic discipline
• researchers are more likely to get other participants for future research is they are treated well

Question 18

What are the drawbacks of psychological research being ethical?

Answer 18

• it can place limits on/prevent worthwhile research
• it can reduce the validity of research as participants know the aim of the study (demand characteristics)
• sampling bias can be a problem kid participants are able to withdraw (not as representative sample)
• insisting on participants being confidential could silence them and prevent them from having people know that a particular result in the study was related to them

Question 19

What is the individual/situational debate?

Answer 19

Situational- suggests behaviour is explained by reference to the situation or circumstances a person is in. As an extreme it implies putting any person in a particular situation they’d all behave in the same way

Individual- suggests behaviour is best explained by a persons own personality or characteristics.
As an extreme it suggest that a persons behaviour will be unchanging no matter the situation they are in

Question 20

What’s a strength of claiming behaviour can be explained by the individual ?

Answer 20

• it is supported by evidence of individual differences between people
• could be useful (eg, in placing people in jobs)
• it means people can be held to account for the way they have behaved

Question 21

What’s a strength of claiming behaviour can be explained by the situation?

Answer 21

• it is supported by the evidence of people being influenced by situations in some way
• useful as it suggests we can change our behaviour by altering the situation that create it