Debugging

Question 1

conventional testing

Answer 1

code first, test second

enforced by waterfall, V-model

Question 2

conventional testing problems

Answer 2

• testing is late in development cycle
• testing not integrated into development

Question 3

static checking tools

Answer 3

used to find
* using undefined variables
* unreachable/dead code
* resource leaks
* infinite loops

Question 4

white box testing

Answer 4

uses knowledge of the code

Question 5

black box testing

Answer 5

focuses on inputs and outputs

only good if adequately covers the input

Question 6

test-driven development

Answer 6

test are made before any development and code is written to make the tests pass

only write new code if an automated test has failed

Question 7

dijkstra

Answer 7

program testing can be used to show the presense of defects but never their absence

generating tests to cover every possible input is not feasible

Question 8

tdd flow

Answer 8

1. define what solution should do
2. then work out how to do it
3. add tests as part of development process
4. repeat tests for each time code is changed

Question 9

unit testing tools

Answer 9

• junit
• cppunit
• phpunit

Question 10

property based testing

Answer 10

• focus on invariant properties of your code
• forces you to capture these invariants explicitly

originally made for Haskell

specify rules that should always hold about a system and the test framework automatically generates inputs to verify those properties

Question 11

property based testing benefits

Answer 11

• find tricky corner cases
• find causes for flickering tests

Question 12

ai systems: drift

Answer 12

bias that built the model is misaligned with current data

Question 13

bias

Answer 13

systematic difference in treatment of certain objects people or groups in comparison to others

Question 14

automation bias

Answer 14

propensity for humans to favour suggestions from automated decision-making systems and to ignore contradictory information made without automation even if it is correct

Question 15

human-congnitive bias

Answer 15

bias that occurs when humans are processing and interpreting information and influences judgement and decision making

Question 16

confirmation bias

Answer 16

type of human cognitive bias that favours predicitons of ai systems that confirm pre-existing beliefs or hypothesis

Question 17

data bias

Answer 17

data properties that if unaddressed lead to ai systems that perform better or worse for different groups

Question 18

statistical bias

Answer 18

type of consistent numerical offset in an estimate relative to the true underlying value inherent to most estimates