Decoding, Spelling, and Orthography

Question 1

Continuum of Phonics: What are the key milestones in first grade?

Answer 1

• The ID of sounds associated with individual letters and letter combinations.
• Initial Sounds
• Final Sounds
• Medial Sounds
  CVS Blending
• Consonant Blends
• Consonant Digraphs
• Long Vowel
• Consonant Digraphs

Question 2

Continuum of Phonics: What are the key milestones in second grade?

Answer 2

• Predictable Vowel Teams
• Complex Vowel Teams
• Vowel -r
• Trigraphs
• Silent Letters
• Hard/Soft c
  Hard/Soft g

Question 3

Continuum of Phonics: What are the key milestones in third grade?

Answer 3

• Syllable Types: Closed, Silent -e, Open, Vowel Team, Consonant -le, Vowel -r.
• Syllable Division Rules

Question 4

The process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships (grapheme phoneme correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes) into spoken language (phonemes) and recognize words.

Answer 4

Decoding

Question 5

The process by which individuals learn to recognize and store the visual representations of words in their long-term memory, which requires phonemic awareness, letter sound knowledge, and the mechanism for sight word learning.

Answer 5

Orthographic mapping

Question 6

The relationship between written letters and their associated spoken sounds, essential for decoding words in reading.

Answer 6

Letter-sound correspondence

Question 7

A group of two or more consonants in a word where each consonant sound is heard, such as “bl” in “blend” or “str” in “street”.

Answer 7

Consonant blends

Question 8

A pair or group of adjacent vowels that represent a single sound or phoneme.

Answer 8

Vowel team

Question 9

Complex vowel sounds that consist of a blend of two vowel sounds within the same syllable.

Answer 9

Diphthongs

Question 10

Sequences in words where certain letters are written but not pronounced, such as the “k” in “knight” or the “b” in “lamb”.

Answer 10

Silent letter patterns

Question 11

The written symbols (letters or combinations of letters) that represent phonemes (speech sounds) in written language.

Answer 11

Graphemes

Question 12

The smallest units of sound in spoken language that distinguish one word from another.

Answer 12

Phonemes