Deep back

Question 1

Are the deep back muscles intrinsic or extrinsic (explain)

Answer 1

• Intrinsic ( they originate and insert in the back )

Question 2

What are the main muscle groups of the deep back

Answer 2

1. ) Splenius (most superficial)
2. ) Erector spinae (intermediate)
3. ) Transversospinales (deepest)

Question 3

MInor muscles of the deep back

Answer 3

1. ) Interspinales
2. ) Intertransversarii (might be innervated by medial dorsal nerve)
3. ) levatores costarum

Question 4

In general what actions do all deep back muscles perform

Answer 4

Extensors- extension of the spine/head (ALL)

CAN assist with…

• lateral felxion (side bending) of VC or head/neck
• smaller muscles are stabilizers and proprioceptors

Question 5

Thoracolumbar facia and the deep back

Answer 5

• deep fascia of the thorasic and lumbar regions
• covers erector spinae muscle group
• thicker in the lumbar region compared to throasic region

Question 6

Thoracolumbar facia in the thoracic region

location, attachment

Answer 6

• deep to the extrinsic (superficial back) muscles

- attaches to thoracic spinous processes and to the rib angles

Question 7

Thoracolumbar facia in the lumbar region (location, attachment)

Answer 7

• thicker (three layers)

- fuses laterally with aponeuroses of lateral abdominal muscles and superficial back muscles

Question 8

Posterior Thoracolumbar facia attachment

Answer 8

• lumbar spinious processes
• median sacral crest
• superior illium

Question 9

Middle Thoracolumbar facia attachment

Answer 9

• lumbar transverse processes

Question 10

Anterior Thorocolumbar facia attachment

Answer 10

• lumbar transverse processes

Question 11

Muscles in the Spinotransversales group

Answer 11

• Splenius Capitus

- Splenius Cervicis

Question 12

Splenius capitus (location, O and I)

Answer 12

• deep to the trapezius
• fibers run superolaterally (perpendicular) to upper trap fibers

- Origin: 
    Inferior half of ligamentum nuchae 
    spinous processes (C7-T4) 
- Insertion: 
    Mastoid process 
    lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line 
-

Question 13

Splenius capitus action

Answer 13

• unilateral: lateral flexion (side bend)
  Ipsilateral rot. head and neck
• Bilateral: extend head and neck

Question 14

Splenius cervicis (location, O and I)

Answer 14

• separates from splenius capitus around T3 area
• Orientation: spinous processes (T3-T6)
• Insertion : posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C4

Question 15

Splenius cervicic action

Answer 15

• unilateral: lateral flex (side bend)
  ipsilateral rot. neck
  -bilateral: extension

Question 16

Erector Spinae muscles

Answer 16

1. ) Illiocostalis
2. ) Longissims
3. ) Spinalis

all have common orientation in lower segments = thoracolumbar fascia

Question 17

Illiocostalis

Answer 17

• most lateral

Origin thoracolumbar fascia

Insertion: Rib angles and cervical transverse processes (C4-C6)

Question 18

Illiocostalis action

Answer 18

Unilateral: Lateral flex (side bend)

Bilateral: Extension

Question 19

Longissimus (location, O and I)

Answer 19

• medial to the illiocostalis
• spans sacrum to skull

Origin: thoracodorsal lumbar
thorasic spinous processes

Insertion: medial to the rib angles
transverse processes (C and T)
mastoid process

Question 20

Longissimus action

Answer 20

Unilaterally: lateral flex (side bend)
Ipsilateral rot. head and neck
Bilateral: extends column

Question 21

Spinalis (location, O and I)

Answer 21

• most medial
• arches between spinous processes
• arches across 6-10 vertebra

Origin/Insertion : attaches between spinous
processes ( O and I)
ligamentum nuchae (O)

Question 22

Spinalis action

Answer 22

Extend the vertebral column

Question 23

Transversopinalis muscle group

location, general O& I, and action

Answer 23

• deep to the erector spinous group
• fibers slant superomedially

General O: Mamillary processes (L) 
                    Transverse processes (T) 
                    Articular processes (C)

General I: Spinous process of more superior
vertebra

 Action: 
                Unilateral: lateral flexion (side 
                bending)
                Contralateral rotation 
                Stabilizers 
                Proprioceptors

Question 24

Muscles included in Transversospinalis muscle group

Answer 24

1. ) Semispenalis
2. ) Multifidus
3. ) Rotatores

Question 25

Semispenalis (description and action)

Answer 25

- spans half the spine - spans in 4-6 vertebral segments - divided into thoracis, cervicis, and capitis - Action: -Unilateral: thorasics/cervicis contralaterally rotate - Bilaterally- extend the vertebral column

Question 26

Multifundis

Answer 26

- spans 2-4 vertebral segments - robust in the lumbar region (deep to erector spinae) - more superiorly it is deep to the semispenalis