BAMS > Defence Cells > Flashcards

Defence Cells Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are cells of a myeloid origin

A
  • neutrophils
  • macrophages
  • mast cells
  • eosinophils and basophils
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2
Q

What are dendritic cell origin

A

Can be myeloid or lymphoid

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3
Q

What cells are of lymphoid origin

A
  • T cells
  • B cells
  • Natural Killer Cells and innate lymphoid cells
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4
Q

What is dental plaque build up called

A

Microbial dysbiosis

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5
Q

What are innate immune cells

A

Monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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6
Q

What are monocytes and macrophages

A

Defence cells that in blood as precursors called monocytes, migrate into tissues and differentiate into macrophages

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7
Q

What are mast cells

A

Granulocytes, early responders to infection, best known for role in allergy

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8
Q

What is a neutrophil

A

Phagocytic granulocytes

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9
Q

What are basophils and eonsinophils

A

Granulocytes, less abundant than neutrophils

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10
Q

What is the lineage of dendritic cells

A

Derived from myeloid and lymphoid linage

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11
Q

What is the main role of dendritic cells

A

Antigen presentation

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12
Q

Describe memory generation in dendritic cells

A
  • immature dendritic cells take up and process antigen in the epidermis
  • once taken up antigen they migrate to lymph nodes and differentiate along the way
  • mature dendritic cells have co stimulators activity and can prime naive T cells
  • they can also transfer antigen to other dendritic cells
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13
Q

Describe natural killer cells

A
  • large cells with granules
  • considered part of the innate immunity
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14
Q

Describe T cells

A

T cells give rise to the cellular immunity

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15
Q

What are T helper cells

A

CD4+ function to help support other immune cells to fight threats

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16
Q

What are cytotoxic T cells

A

CD8+ destroy our own cells which have become infected (usually virus related)

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17
Q

What are regulatory T cells (Tregs)

A

Regulate or suppress other cells in the immune cells

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18
Q

What is the function of CD8+ T cells

A

Destroy infected self cells

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19
Q

What is the function of CD4+ T cells

A

They start life as a naive T cell

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20
Q

What is the function of TH1 cells

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A

Support macrophages to destroy Intracellular microbes

21
Q

What are TH2 cells

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A

Produce cytokines which recruit and activate mast cells, eosinophils, and promote barrier immunity at mucosal surfaces

22
Q

What are TH17 cells

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A

Secrete IL17 family cytokines that induce local non-professional immune calls to release cytokines and chemokines

23
Q

What do TFH cells do

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A

Induce specific B cell responses

24
Q

What do treg cells do

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A

Suppress T cell activity to prevent autoimmunity

25
What are granules
Contain degradation enzymes and Antimicrobial substances
26
What is the main function of dendritic cells
Antigen presentation to T cells
27
What is the role of immature dendritic cells
They take up and process the antigen in the epidermis
28
What are the types of innate lymphoid cells
ILC1, ILC2, ILC3
29
What are ILCs
Non cytotoxic members of the NK cell family
30
What origin are innate lymphoid cells
Lymphoid origin
31
What origin are neutrophils
Myeloid
32
What origin are macrophages
Myeloid
33
What origin are eosinophils and basophils
Myeloid
34
Where do T cells mature
The thymus
35
How do T cells recognise peptides
Through the T cell receptor
36
What does diversity in the T cell receptors mean
The T cells can respond to numerous antigens
37
What are the 3 main types of T cells
- t helper cells (CD4+) - cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) - regulatory T cells (tregs)
38
All T cells start as
Naive cells and have receptors for very specific proteins
39
What is the main aim of CD8+
Destroy infected self cells
40
What are the three signals that are required for activation and determining the fate of T cells
1) MHC-TCR interaction 2) co-stimulatory molecules interactions 3) signal dictates what T helper cell the naive cell becomes
41
What is the main role of B cells
Produce antibodies
42
What are the two main types of B cell
Plasma cells and memory B cells
43
Name the phagocytic cells
Neutrophils Macrophages Tissue Dendritic cells Mast cells
44
What are the professional antigen presenting cells
- macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells
45
What cells fight parasitic infection
- eosinophils and basophils
46
What cells are involved in allergic responses
Basophils and mast cells
47
What are the cells of the adaptive immune system
T and B lymphocytes
48
What cells are inbetween adaptive and innate
DCs, NK cells and ILCs
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