definitions

Question 1

nucleophilic substitution

Answer 1

a reaction in which an electron pair donor attacks an electrophilic stomach (an atom with a partial or full positive charge) to replace an atom/ group of atoms

Question 2

reflux

Answer 2

the continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture, thus is to ensure that the reaction goes to completion. during reflux, the condenser must be positioned vertically

Question 3

fragmentation

Answer 3

during mass spectrometry, unstable molecular ions break down into smaller fragments

Question 4

m+1 peak

Answer 4

a small peak on a mass spectrum caused by the presence of a small proportion of carbon-13

Question 5

stereoisomers

Answer 5

compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space