CSR (Corporate social responsibility)
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Owner’s capital (personal savings)
Money invested by the owner(s) into the business.
Retained profits
Profits that are reinvested back into the business instead of being distributed to owners/shareholders.
Sale of assets
Selling unwanted or underused business assets to raise cash.
Working capital adjustments
Improving cash flow by managing inventory, receivables, or payables more efficiently.
Bank overdraft
Allows a business to withdraw more money than it has in its account, up to an agreed limit.
Trade credit
Suppliers allow the business to pay later for goods/services.
Short term loans
Borrowed funds that must be repaid within 12 months
Bank loan
Borrowed money repaid with interest over a set period.
Leasing / Hire purchase
Using an asset while paying for it in instalments over time.
Venture capital
Funds from investors who take an equity stake in high-growth businesses.
Business angels
Wealthy individuals who invest their own money and often provide expertise.
Share issue (equity finance)
Selling shares in the company to raise capital.
Debentures (bonds)
Long-term loans raised by issuing bonds to investors, with fixed interest payments.
Government grants or subsidies
Financial support provided by the government, often for specific industries or innovation.
