Definitions

Question 1

Precipitation

Answer 1

Any water that falls from the sky. (Rain,hail,sleet,snow)

Question 2

Infiltration

Answer 2

The downward movement of water from the surface into the soil

Question 3

Surface runoff

Answer 3

Water flows across the surface, becoming a stream,tributary or river

Question 4

Evapotranspiration

Answer 4

A combination of water evaporated from land and water surfaces including vegetation and plant leaves

Question 5

Throughflow

Answer 5

Water that flows down hill within the soil

Question 6

Groundwater flow

Answer 6

Water flowing through rocks towards the sea

Question 7

Percolation

Answer 7

Movement of water from the soil to rocks

Question 8

Drainage basin

Answer 8

Area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

Question 9

Inputs

Answer 9

Things that go in

Question 10

Transfers

Answer 10

Moving something from one place to another

Question 11

Stores

Answer 11

Things that are stored

Question 12

Outputs

Answer 12

Things that come out at the end and leave the system

Question 13

whats the water cycle?

Answer 13

the way water is evaporated from the sea into the air and back to the sea through rivers

Question 14

what is interception?

Answer 14

the temporary storage of water on vegitation,buildings or other surfaces befroe it reaches the ground

Question 15

whats a watershed?

Answer 15

the edge of highland surronding a drainage basin which marks the boundary between 2 drainage basins

Question 16

whats a source?

Answer 16

the beginging or start of a river

Question 17

whats a tributary?

Answer 17

A stream or a smaller river which joins a larger stream or river.

Question 18

whats a confluence?

Answer 18

the point which two rivers or streams join

Question 19

whats a river mouth?

Answer 19

the point where the river comes to the end usually entering a sea

Question 20

what is gradient?

Answer 20

steepness of a slope (banks)

Question 21

what is depth?

Answer 21

vertical distance frome a specified reference level or surface

Question 22

what is width?

Answer 22

how wide the distance from the bed are

Question 23

whats load?

Answer 23

the total material carried by the river

Question 24

what is river discharge?

Answer 24

the volume of water flowing through a rivers channel at a specific point

Question 25

what is erosion?

Answer 25

breaking up and removing of material along a rivers course

Question 26

what is attraction?

Answer 26

the process where rocks and pebbles carried by water collide with each other

Question 27

what is abrasion/corrosion?

Answer 27

stones act like sandpaper on the riverbed and banks wearing them down over time

Question 28

what is hydraulic action?

Answer 28

the erosional force of moving water

Question 29

what is solution/corrosion?

Answer 29

when chemicals in river water cause minerals in the rock to dissolve

Question 30

what is transportation?

Answer 30

the movement of the load along the river

Question 31

what is solution?

Answer 31

dissolved materials that are invisible to the eye

Question 32

what is suspension?

Answer 32

fine materials that are carried whithin the rivers flow

Question 33

what is saltation?

Answer 33

small pebbles and rocks that bounced along the river bed

Question 34

what is traction?

Answer 34

large boulders that are rolled along the river bed

Question 35

what is depostion?

Answer 35

when the river has less energy and drops its load

Question 36

whats a river landform?

Answer 36

features created by a rivers erosion,transportation and deposition

Question 37

whats a waterfall?

Answer 37

when a layer of harder rock is followed by a layer of soft rock with water flowing over

Question 38

whats a meander?

Answer 38

a naturally occurring bend in a river created by erosion and deposition over time

Question 39

whats a slip off slope?

Answer 39

a gentle incline bank on the inside of a rivers meander bend.

Question 40

whats a river cliff?

Answer 40

steep and eroded bank on the outside of a river meander

Question 41

whats a floodplain?

Answer 41

flat land either side of a river that will be covered in water if a river bursts its banks

Question 42

whats a levee?

Answer 42

a raised bank caused by deposition that runs alongside a river to protect against flooding

Question 43

what is flooding?

Answer 43

when water overflows and submerges land

Question 44

what is river managment strategy?

Answer 44

steps to lengthen the amount of time it takes for water to reach the river channel

Question 45

what are hard engineering methods?

Answer 45

expensive,construction to prevent the risk of flooding

Question 46

what are dams?

Answer 46

built to hold back water (store it)

Question 47

what are flood walls?

Answer 47

walls built to raise the height of the riverbanks.

Question 48

where are embankments built?

Answer 48

built along riverbanks to manage flooding

Question 49

what are starightening and deepinging the river?

Answer 49

natural methods used to prevent floods

Question 50

what are soft enginerring methods?

Answer 50

natural methods used to prevent floods.

Question 51

what are washlands?

Answer 51

areas that allow the downriver to flood

Question 52

what is land use zoning?

Answer 52

deciding which areas are likely to flood

Question 53

what is afforestation?

Answer 53

planting trees near rivers to intercept water.

Question 54

what does sustainability mean?

Answer 54

meeting the needs of today without destroying the needs of the future

Question 55

whta happens to the amount of discharge between the source and the mouth?

Answer 55

increases

Question 56

what happnes to the gradient as the river moves from the source to the mouth?

Answer 56

decreases

Question 57

what happens to the depth of the river as it moves from the source to the mouth?

Answer 57

increases

Question 58

what happens to the width of the river as it moves from the source to the mouth?

Answer 58

it increases *gets wider*

Question 59

what is transportation?

Answer 59

when the load is moved and carried along in the rivers flow

Question 60

What does dynamic mean?

Answer 60

Always changing

Question 61

whats a fetch?

Answer 61

the distance the wind blows over the surface of the water

Question 62

What is swash?

Answer 62

when a wave breaks, the water is washed up the beach

Question 63

what is backwash?

Answer 63

when water from the previous wave runs back down the beach

Question 64

what is wave frequency?

Answer 64

how many waves are formed per minute

Question 65

what is pravaling wind?

Answer 65

when waves approach the coast in the same direction that the wind is blowing

Question 66

whats the def of a spit?

Answer 66

an extended strech of beach material that projects out to sea