Definitions Flashcards by Valerie DaPolito

Passage that does not state the principal subject

Episode

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Section where subjects are announced

Exposition

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Subject is answered or repeated by several parts

Fugue

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Splitting a melodic line between two voices

Hocket

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Musical motive associated with a person, thing, emotion, or idea

Leitmotif

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Accompanied solo song

Monody

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Polyphonic vocal composition with sacred text

Motet

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Pattern of pitches that are a foundation for harmony

Passacaglia

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Single variation of a theme

Partita

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Section where exposition is reviewed

Recapitulation

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1450-1600; Secular music

Renaissance

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Tutti as opposed to solo

Ripieno

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ABaAabAB

Rondeau

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Slow dance in triple meter

Sarabande

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One or more instruments; Several movements

Sonata

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Exposition; Development; Recapitulation

Sonata Form

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Imitation of a subject at a close time interval

Stretto

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Set of four pitches

Tetrachord

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Introductory improvised instrumental piece

Toccata

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Second part in early polyphony

Triplum

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First melody is sung twice and the remainder is sung once

Abgesang (Bar Form)

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Details of execution left up to performer

Ad Libitum

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Unordered set of pitch classes

Aggregate

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French art song with lute or violin

Air

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French monodic song

Air de Cour

Leaving choice of pitches or rhythmic values up to chance

Aleatory

Pitch range of mode or plainchant

Ambitus

One group answers the other

Antiphonal

Lute with extra peg box

Archlute

Songful monologue or duet in opera

Aria

1600-1750; Bizarre

Baroque

Dances whose music was set over tenor cantus firmus

Basse Dance

Improvised passage just before the end of a piece

Cadenza

Intellectuals and amateurs of arts that met in Florence

Camerata

Composition for solo voice with recitatives and arias

Cantata

Organ playing chorale before singing

Chorale Prelude

1750-1825

Classical

Ensemble with a few solo instruments

Concertino

Full orchestra in a concerto

Concerto Grosso

Artful combination of 2+ simultaneous melodic lines

Counterpoint

Fluent dance in moderate triple meter

Courante

Subject is taken apart and reworked

Development

Polyphony in which voices move at the same speed

Discant

Composition with 12 tone rows

Dodecaphonic

Voice part in early polyphony set against a tenor

Duplum

A complete musical thought

Phrase

Bow is thrown on the string

Jete

Short bouncing of the bow

Spiccato

Hammer bow on the string

Martele

Short separate strokes

Staccato

Legato stroke

Loure

Basic stroke on all bowed instruments

Detache

C4-C6

Soprano

A4-A6

Mezzo Soprano

F3-F5

Contra Alto

C3-C5

Tenor

F2-F4

Baritone

E2-E4

Bass

Glissando in vocal music

Portamento

Trombone Position VII

Trombone Position VI

Trombone Position V

Trombone Position IV

Trombone Position III

Trombone Position II

Trombone Position I

1.5 steps

Trumpet 3rd Valve

1/2 step

Trumpet 2nd Valve

2.5 steps

Trumpet 4th Valve

1 step

Trumpet 1st Valve

Tonic

Supertonic

iii

Mediant

Subdominant

Dominant

Submediant

vii

Leading Tone

1 ~ Preparation 2 ~ Ictus 3 ~ Rebound 4 ~ Penultimate beat placement 5 ~ Final beat placement

Steps of Conducting

Decorative; Few dynamics

Baroque Characteristics

Vivaldi; Handel; Bach

Baroque Composers

Reserved; Intellectual; Controlled

Classical Characteristics

Mozart; Beethoven

Classical Composers

1825-1900

Romantic

Feeling; Nationalistic

Romantic Characteristics

Chopin; Brahms

Romantic Composers

1900-Present

Modern

Unconventional inspiration; Broken molds

Modern Characteristics

Debussy; Copland

Modern Composers

Gardner; Differentiates intelligence into modalities

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Preparation; Presentation; Practice; Execution

General Music Teaching Sequence

Philosophy of Music Education: Aesthetic Education

Bennett Reimer

8va P5 P4 M3 m3 m3 M2

Overtone Series

Unaccompanied melody

Monophonic

Two or more lines of melody

Polyphonic

Harmony is chordal and no distinctive lines

Homophonic

Same melody performed simultaneously

Heterophony

Omnidirectional; Cardoid

Polar Patterns

Single harmonic movement divided by design

Continuous Binary Form

AB or AA'

Continuous Binary Form Sample

AB I I A'

Continuous Rounded Binary Form Sample

AA'

Continuous Balanced Binary Form

Two complete harmonic movements

Sectional Binary Form

A-B or A-A'

Sectional Binary Form Sample

A-B-A

Sectional Rounded Binary Form Sample

A A B

Sectional Barform Binary Form Sample

A-BA

Sectional Ternary Form Sample

A B A

Full Sectional Ternary Form Sample

A B I I A'

Continuous Ternary Form Sample

A-BA-B'

Sectional Four Part Form Sample

A BA CA

Sectional Five Part Form Sample

ABACAB'A

Classical Rondo Form

V-I

Perfect Authentic Cadence

V-I; but with an inverted chord

Imperfect Authentic Cadence

Ending on V

Half Cadence

IV-I

Plagal Cadence

Substitutes another chord for I

Deceptive Cadence

+6 and the Tonic

It +6

Augmented 6th interval; Tonic; Submediant

Fr +6

Augmented 6th; Tonic; Lowered 3rd

Ger +6

500 BC - 500 AD

Antiquity

500-1400

Medieval

1400-1600

Renaissance

1600-1750

Baroque

1750-1825

Classical

1825-1900

Romantic

1900-Present

Modern

French Baroque dance in fast duple meter

Bouree

Baroque composition using sacred texts

Cantata

French polyphonic song

Chanson

Baroque Protestant hymn melody

Chorale

Organ plays before congregation sings

Choral Prelude

Composition for orchestra with one or more solo instrument

Concerto

Chamber Music

Divertimento

Study piece for development of technique

Etude

Loud brass instruments playing major triad

Fanfare

Imitative polyphonic composition

Fugue

French peasant dance

Gavotte

Popular Baroque dance

Gigue

Secular song for 2 or 3 unaccompanied voices

Madrigal

Polyphonic composition with sacred text without accompaniment

Motet

Musical dramatic work

Opera

Plain chant with note against note counterpoint

Organum

Variatoin on ground bass

Passacaglia

Spoken song

Recitative

French lyrical poem

Rondeau

Slow dance in triple meter

Sarabande

One or more solo instruments; 3 or 4 independent movements

Sonata

2 violins, viola, and cello

String Quartet

Instrumental composition with a series of varying movements

Suite

Orchestral form

Symphonic Poem

Keyboard piece that is free in form

Toccata

1 loud hit on drum

Rim shot

1 beat preceding 1 beat on drum

Flam

2 beats preceding 1 beat on drum

Drag

Fast drumming technique

Paradiddle

Simple melodies; Alberti bass

Classical characteristics

Monophonic; Plain chant

Medieval Characteristics

Polyphonic; No instruments

Renaissance Characteristics

Small orchestras with basso continuo

Baroque Characteristics

Gradually getting faster

Accelerando

Pick up note

Anacrusis

Melody in longer note values; Twice as slow

Augmentation

Notes are shortened by half

Diminution

Marked; Emphatic

Marcato

Perform freely

Rubato

Definitions Flashcards

(166 cards)