1
Q
Where is Bence Jones protein found?
A
Multiple myeloma in Urine
2
Q
Where are mu receptors for Opiods found?
A
Brain stem
3
Q
What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors (prils)?
A
Inhibits conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
4
Q
What muscle protrudes the tongue?
A
Genioglossus
5
Q
What is the ADA SCDI in charge of?
A
About Dental informatics (assists the dental profession, develops informatics standards and technical reports to assist the dental profession with hardware and software selection.
6
Q
What is considered the values for Diabetes in regards to each of the following:
- Fasting glucose level
- HbA1C
- Glucose Tolerance Test
A
Fasting glucose level 126 or higher
HbA1C 6.5 or higher
Glucose tolerance test (GTT) 200 or higher
7
Q
Hyperparathyroidism (Brown Tumor) looks like what?
A
CGCG
8
Q
What does White Sponge Nevus look like? (White plaque that cannot be wiped)
A
Lichen Planus (wikham striae)
9
Q
Discuss Cleft Palate in regards to each of the following:
- Develops in how many weeks in utero?
- Lack of fusion between ________.
- What skeletal classification does cleft palate tend to be?
A
Cleft Palate:
- 6-8 weeks in utero
- palatal shelves
- Class III skeletal
Note: Cleft lip = 4-6 weeks in utero
10
Q
What are the 4 defects of Tetralogy of Fallot?
A
- Pulmonary valve stenosis (narrowing of the valve)
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) [hole between bottom heart chambers)
- Shifting of the body’s main artery (shifting of the aorta to the right)
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
11
Q
Supine hypotensive crisis: may occur during late pregnancy due to compression of vena cava. Need to lean patient to the left to relieve vena cava
A
Place pregnant bitch in Left Lateral Decubitus position NOT Trendelenburg
12
Q
Differentials of stafne bone cyst:
A
OKC, traumatic bone cyst, residual cyst,
13
Q
High Mandibular plane angle would present as what?
A
Anterior open bite
14
Q
Review Angles Classification:
A
15
Q
Review Antibiotic prophylaxis w/ dose and times:
A
16
Q
Humira MOA:
A
Treats immunosuppression for RA. Tx crohn’s disease, RA ect.. (MOA: TNF blocker, reduces inflammation) Humira (Adalimumab) = antirheumatic drug
17
Q
Muscles that attach to mandible:
● Mandibular body:
○ External (lateral) surface – mentalis, buccinator, platysma, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris.
○ Internal (medial) surface – genioglossus, geniohyoid, mylohyoid and digastric.
● Mandibular rami – masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid
A
○ External (lateral) surface – mentalis, buccinator, platysma, depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris.
○ Internal (medial) surface – genioglossus, geniohyoid, mylohyoid and digastric.
18
Q
What muscles elevate the tongue?
A
Palatoglossus = elevates back part of tongue
Mylohyoid = elevates hyoid and tongue
Geniohyoid = elevates hyoid and tongue during swallowing
19
Q
Parasymphyseal fracture:
A
Symphyseal/parasymphyseal fracture was defined as fracture line in mandibular bone between the canine teeth.
20
Q
Treatment of tmj dysfunction syndrome:
A
bite splint, heat compress, diet, exercise, icing, NSAIDs
(NEVER OCCLUSAL ADJUSTMENTS)
21
Q
Force on denture compared to natural teeth:
A
Natural teeth each tooth individually affected. Denture teeth they all take force together. Dentures only use 1⁄4- the strength teeth can use
22
Q
What does Sickle Cell look like radiographically?
A
STEP LADDER
23
Q
Omeprazole MOA:
A
proton pump inhibitor. It inhibits the parietal cell H+ / K+ ATP pump, the final step of acid production. In turn, omeprazole suppresses gastric basal and stimulated acid secretion
24
Q
Nitroglycerin MOA:
A
prevents angina, dilates coronary arteries , nitrate - conversion to nitric oxide - vasodilation of the coronary vessels
25
Sildenafil:
Sildenafil: enhances the effect of nitric oxide (NO) by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum (same effects as nitroglycerin- not good to take together. Too much vasodilation)
Do NOT take Sildenafil and Nitroglycerine together
26
What CN's are associated w/ dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)?
CN 7, 9, 10, 12
27
Signs of Parkinson diagnosis:
Signs of Parkinson dx (akinesia, bradykinesia (slow movement), tremor, vision loss, rigid muscles
28
How is Impetigo transmitted?
Touching
highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and young children.
Appearance: reddish sore on face (nose, mouth, hands and feet)
note: sores can burst and develop honey colored crust
29
Is Herpetic Whitlow more common among dentists
Most common in dental hygienist and resp.
Therapist
30
Normal value of HbA1C in diabetes =?
less than 7
31
Achondroplasia:
Achondroplasia: disorder of bone growth that prevents the changing of cartilage (particularly in the long bones of the arms and legs) to bone. It is characterized by dwarfism, limited range of motion at the elbows, large head size (macrocephaly), small fingers, and normal intelligence.
32
Government agency ensuring equal distribution of health personnel:
health and human services (HHSA)
HRSA: healthcare for uninsured and dental for HIV+ (Ryan White)
33
Bulimia- which wouldn’t you prescribe?
APF - acidulated phosphate fluoride - separate question -
erosion of lingual max ant
34
Sedation and eating before procedure: (how long do you need to fast before sedation?)
6-8 hours
35
When should the first dental visit be for a child?
Upon first tooth eruption \< 1yr old
36
Sertraline (SSRI) side effects:
nausea. Diarrhea. Constipation. Vomiting. difficulty falling asleep
or staying asleep. dry mouth **_xerostomia._** Heartburn. loss of appetite
MOA = selectective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
37
Management of autism kid patient:
**desensitization** and **sameness**, voice control and compliment
parents, distraction
Sameness: tendency to do or think about the same things over and over
38
Problem in managing down syndrome patients:
they have macroglossia, delayed/missing teeth,
malocclusion, periodontitis, NO HIGH CARIES RISK, BUT HIGH PERIODONTAL RISK
39
Drug diversion:
Is a medical and legal concept involving the transfer of any legally prescribed controlled substance from the individual for whom it was prescribed to another person for any illicit use
Giving someone a drug that was prescribed to me
40
Emancipated minors and informed consent (my question was who are considered emancipated)
MMPP (married, military, parent or pregnant)
41
Adult Mesenchymal stem cell derivative:
(eg. bone,cartilage,muscles,fat cells, skeletal system) NOT mucosal tissue
42
Rate of extrusion of maxillary central:
50g force (4mm)
43
Disinfection of alginate -
Rinse with water, spray, rinse
44
Signs of cavernous sinus thrombosis:
Has a lot to do with the eyes
fever, pain and swelling but also with specific findings such
as **proptosis**, chemosis, periorbital swelling, and cranial nerve palsies.
45
Antibiotics and analgesics safe in liver cirrhosis patient:
NOT Tylenol, NOT tetracycline,
46
How to prevent candidiasis in asthma patients using inhaler:
rinse out mouth with water/brush teeth
after using inhaler. Also using a spacer to decrease the inhaler touching the oral cavity.
47
Factors influencing retention of post:
length, rigidity, antirotational features, ferrule. (active posts engage into dentin: more retentive but more fractures)
48
Corticoid (side effects):
Fluid retention, Swelling in legs, High blood pressure, upset stomach, weight gain, osteoporosis, increased risk of infections, high blood sugar, suppressed adrenal gland, immunosuppression, redistribution of fat (G.O. H.A.I.R.)
49
What medication is used for Benzodiazepines reversal?
Flumazenil
50
What malignancy is associated with Paget's Disease?
**Osteosarcoma**
51
Dry socket treatment:
Control the pain with a dressing material (e.g., Alvogyl(eugenol)TM paste,
DRESSOL-XTM).
● Irrigate the site with chlorhexidine or saline.
52
Function of IgA in Saliva?
neutralizing toxins and removing pathogenic microorganisms (antibacterial)
53
Which microorganisms survive the longest on surfaces:
mycobacterium tuberculosis
54
Granuloma vs periapical cyst:
Granuloma has no epithelial lining \<2mm,
**Periapical cyst: epithelial lining**, \>2mm.
Both look the same radiographically (mine was a question about histology,
squamous epithelial lining = periapical cyst)
Whereas a periapical granuloma comrprises inflamed granulation tissue, a periapical cyst represents an epithelium-lined cavity with an inflamed fibrovascular connective tissue wall.
55
What do you clean alginate with after taking an impression?
Discide
Discide ingredients: ammonium chloride and isoproply alcohol
56
Who regulates dental equipment?
FDA
57
predominant microorganisms in failed root canal:
Enterococcus Faecalis
58
Discuss Pierre Robin Sequence:
59
Do you need antibiotic prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis?
NO
60
What is the reversal drug for Opiods?
Naloxone
61
What is there a risk of when doing internal bleaching for a patient?
A. Internal resorption
B. External resorption
B. External resorption
Internal bleaching causes external resorption in 10%
of cases.
62
What medications can cause Orthostatic Hypotension:
diuretics, alpha blockers (prazosin, doxazosin) for prostatic hypertrophy, antihypertensive drugs, and calcium channel blockers
63
What anesthetic lasts the longest?
Bupivicaine HCL
64
What is the max Epi for an adult?
0.2mg
65
Why is Blue Nevus blue?
**Tyndall effect**
Tyndall effect, in which shorter wavelengths of incident light are scattered by the dermal melanocytes
66
cavernous sinus infection:
**septic blood clot** in cavernous sinuses due to an infections
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a blood clot in the cavernous sinuses. It can be life-threatening. The cavernous sinuses are hollow spaces located under the brain, behind each eye socket. A major blood vessel called the jugular vein carries blood through the cavernous sinuses away from the brain.
67
histological findings of macroglossia? (3)
Vascular malformations, muscular enlargement, and tumors
68
What 2 pathologies are associated with a positive Nikolsky sign?
**Pemphigus Vulgaris** or **Erythema Multiforme** (stevens johnson)
69
What is the critical pH in which deminerization occurs?
* Enamel:
* Fluoroapetite:
* Dentin:
Enamel teeth demineralize.5.5; Fluorapatite is 4.5; Dentin: 6.5
70
What is the pH of the oral cavity normally?
6.7-7.3
71
127. PH after drinking soda: had a question about how long the acid lasts?
below 5.5. ~ 4-4.7,
30-40min
72
denosumab and bisphosphonates:
treat osteoporosis , RANKL inhibitors
73
case with precision or semi precision attachment in removable partial denture ???
They are indicated for a patient w/ **high esthetic demands**
Precision is more accurate and milled from alloy
Semi-precision are more resilient, both are more esthetic than the
traditional clasps.
74
Patient with multiple myeloma, what blood test to get:
**CBC** (complete blood test),
What you'll find in a CBC of a pt w/ multiple myeloma: **beta 2 microglobin** (elevated in cancers involving bone marrow), **M-spike** (cancer makes the M-spike proteins).
**Bence jones in _urine_.**
75
Ketoacidosis in diabetic patients:
Ketoacidosis- DM1 body breaks down fat for energy, ketosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia
76
Type I vs Type 2 diabetes:
**Type 1:** immune system is attacking and destroying the insulin-producing cells in your pancreas. (that's why you need insulin)
**Type 2:** (insulin resistance) you make insulin but receptors can't respond to it.
77
Clammy and sweating pt is diabetic and scared of needle after LA;
unconscious give IM(dextrose) [pt is having hypoglycemic attack]
If they are conscious give glucose tab or orange Joosh
78
What is most effective on a patient undergoing Cardiac arrest?
A. Chest compressions
B. AED
B. AED
79
Apical abscess in pregnant pt severe pain 3 rd trimester:
* A. begin pulpectomy
* B. give sedative
* C. filling
* D. delay tx after pregnancy
A. begin pulpectomy
80
. Implant distance from inferior alveolar nerve:
A. 1.5mm
B. 2mm
C. 3mm
D. 5mm
B. 2mm
81
Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetic symptoms and complications:
Sweaty, dizzy, pale, disoriented, rapid heart rate, confusion
**Hypoglycemic = TIRED**
* Tachycardia
* Irritability
* Restless
* Excessive hunger
* Diaphoresis (sweaty)
82
Interventional study?
**GOOGLE**
## Footnote
Purpose
Interventional studies are often prospective and are specifically tailored to evaluate direct impacts of treatment or preventive measures on disease. Each study design has specific outcome measures that rely on the type and quality of data utilized.
Interventional study (clinical trial) A type of clinical study in which participants are assigned to groups that receive one or more intervention/treatment (or no intervention) so that researchers can evaluate the effects of the interventions on biomedical or health-related outcomes.
83
Primordial cyst?
Cyst formed where a tooth should have been from the
enamel organ, common third molar area
84
Least likely complication of la injection:
## Footnote
A. trismus
B. infection
C. hematoma
D. ecchymosis
D. ecchymosis
- infection IS a complication of injection.
85
Gow gates technique: (what nerves does this technique anesthetize?)
inferior alveolar and its terminal branches (incisive and mental), lingual, mylohyoid, auriculotemporal, and the buccal nerve 75% of the time
86
What is the main nerve for TMJ innervation:
Auriculotemporal (branch of V3)
87
What is the radiopacity at the midline of the maxilla?
ANS (Anterior Nasal Spine)
Rhinolith is the calcification in the nasal cavity. The question wasn't asking about the Rhinolith... It stated at **_Midline_** of maxilla
88
What's the order of removing PPE?
gloves, eye protection, gown, mask. None of the other answer choices start w/ gloves so just remember gloves first.
Gloves --\> Goggles --\> Gown --\> Mask
89
Deficiency of _____ is associated w/ cleft palate.
Vitamin B & Folic acid
90
Function of clopidogrel(Plavix)/aspirin?
(blocks platelet aggregation) (enhances effect)
91
MOA of statin drugs?
decreases amount of cholesterol made by **liver**
**inhibition of HMG-CoA** (hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway
92
What HbA1c should be for dental treatment:
below 7
93
Which of the following is associated with a **NON-Vital tooth**?
A. Condensing Osteitis
B. Osteosclerosis
A. Condensing Osteitis
- Osteosclerosis: unknown cause, 90% in MD, mostly 1st molar region; radiopaque with NO radiolucent rim, uniform, apex of VITAL tooth (most common) or inter-radicular
- Condensing Osteitis: teeth with inflamm/pulpal necrosis, mostly MD premolar-molar region, well defined + no border/rim, often NONVITAL or infected tooth, widened PDL
94
What p (stats) measures:
probability that two variables are unrelated (P.05 accept the null hypothesis -\> not significant)
95
Which of the following is a False Positive (FP)?
A. Type 1 error
B. Type 2 error
A. Type 1 error
Type 1 error = FP
Type 2 error = FN
96
Primary stress bearing site for maxillary denture?
**Palate, Alveolar ridge**
97
Fentanyl is ______ times more potent than morphine
Fentanyl is 100x more potent than morphine
98
A ground glass radiographic presentation is associated with \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fibrous Dysplasia
99
What is the main cause of ankylosis in primary teeth?
Trauma
100
What are the contraindications for a Hawley Retainer?
101
Which teeth are most likely to have additional canals/ only one canal?
Mx central/lateral/canine= 1 canal always
Mx 1st PM: most have 2 canals instead of one
Mx 2nd pm: most have 1 canal but can have 2
Md incisors/canine: most have 1 but can have 2
Md 1st PM: most have 1 canal but can have 2
102
Guided tissue regeneration best for what type of defect?
3 and 4 wall boney defects
103
Which 1⁄3 is most likely to be under reduced for a veneer prep?
Not sure answer but incisal third is the guess
104
How long do you etch enamel and dentin?
Dentin = 15 seconds (20 seconds max)
Enamel = 20-30 seconds
105
What are mesenchymal cells and what do they give rise to?
Undifferentiated cells that give rise to **blood vessels**, **lymph vessels**, **bone** and **muscle**
106
What are the acronyms to remember each of the following:
* Hypoglycemia
* Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia = TIRED
Hyperglycemia = SINFUL
107
What content causes Myeloneuropathy in denture adhesive?
**Excess ZINC**
Pts who use excess denture adhesive are at risk for over ingestion of Zinc.
Myeloneuropathy is caused by Copper deficiency
108
What type of test is done to detect Bence Jones protein?
**Urinalysis**
Bence Jones protein = Multiple Myeloma
109
What is Adalimumab (Humira) used to tx and what's it's MOA:
**Rheumatoid Arthitis** (and other autoimmune inflammatory disorders like Crohns)
**neutralization of TNF-alpha bioactivity** and the induction of apoptosis of TNF-expressing mononuclear cells.
A drug commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), adalimumab (also known as Humira), has long been thought to exert its anti-inflammatory effects through specific binding to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF α), preventing it from interacting with TNF receptors.
110
Structures coming from infraorbital foramen:
**V2 (maxillary), infraorbital vein/artery**
111
(T/F)
High BMI is linked to higher prevalence of cancer.
**True**
112
Discuss Fetal Alcohol Syndrome:
113
Factors that can affect contrast of an x-ray:
**Kvp** and **FIltration**
114
Vertical angulation of PID (x-ray tube) can lead to what on x-ray:
**Elongation** (vertical angulation to **small**)
**Foreshortening** (vertical angulation to **large**)
115
What causes “reverse smile line” on pano:
**chin too high**
116
Butterfly rash over bridge of nose is characteristic of:
Systemic **lupus** erythematosus
117
Review Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia (PCOD):
**Presents in middle aged African women in the mandibular anteriors:**
* **VITAL teeth**
118
Trigeminal neuralgia presentation:
almost always unilateral, brief sharp pain, trigger zones
119
What characterizes pain stimulated by A-delta fibers:
Sharp, transient first pain
120
**Submandibular gland** wraps around posterior edge of what muscle?
**Mylohyoid**
121
Why would a **mucocele** appear blue:
Blue color is due to vascular congestion, cyanosis of the tissue
above, and accumulation of fluid below.
122
Cause of geographic tongue:
**unknown cause, no treatment.**
Saw a bootcamp question that **_stress_** and **_allergy_** can trigger it?
Mayo Clinic: may be a link between geographic tongue and psoriasis and between geographic tongue and lichen planus
Google: The cause of geographic tongue is unknown. Several factors have been proposed as possible causes such as **emotional stress**, psychological factors, habits, allergies, diabetes and hormonal disturbances. However, none of these factors have been conclusively linked to geographic tongue.
123
What can happen if defects introduced at certain stages of tooth development (initiation, cap, bell, etc):
124
Cavernous sinus infection can lead to what:
**Eye problems**
decreased drainage from the facial vein and superior and inferior ophthalmic veins resulting in facial and periorbital edema, ptosis, proptosis, chemosis, discomfort and pain with eye muscle movement, papilledema, retinal venous distention, and loss of vision. 3,4,5,6 cranial nerves and facial artery
Structures that pass through Cavernous Sinus: CN 3, 4, V1, V2, 6
125
MOA of topical fluoride:
forms fluorapatite from Ca2+ and PO4 (fluoride replaces hydroxide)
126
What is **“proximate cause”** in court of law is:
**proximate cause** is an event sufficiently related to an injury that the courts deem the event to be the cause of that injury
127
What could be the cause if you get the crown back from the lab and it does not seat all the way:
possible contacts are too tight, intaglio surface is too tight, intaglio surface cast had voids - NOT a
reason it’s not seating is “not enough occlusal clearance”
128
How long do you need to cure composite according to shade:
darker the shade longer the cure time
Order of lightest to darkest: A1 (lightest) \> A2 \> A3 (darkest shade)
note: the lower the number the more bright (1\>2)
129
Which cranial nerves give sensory to tongue?
**Sensory = 5, 9, 10**
130
Which muscle do most patients experience pain with when they have TMJ pain:
**Masseter**
131
If you stain a crown, what color properties do you change?
Value
132
Which FPD is **contraindicated** for **anterior**:
A. Ovate
B. Modified ridge lap
C. Hygienic
C. Hygienic (also contraindicated for post mx)
**Anterior = modified ridge lap and Ovate (requires surgery but most esthetic)**
**Posterior = Hygienic (post mand) and Conical (molars)**
133
What can be a consequence of non-vital bleaching:
cervical root resorption
134
Endo/perio dx and their respective signs/symptoms:
lateral percussion to know if it’s perio.
Always endo first
135
A J -shaped lesion like the one below indicates \_\_\_\_\_\_.
**Vertical root fracture**
136
How is Mumps transmitted?
**Respiratory**
**Mumps** is a **viral infection** that affects salivary glands below and infront of ear... usually **parotid gland**
137
**Erythema multiforme** lesions and what they look like?
**Targetoid** (bulls-eye) lesions
138
An unproductive cough can be due to what medication?
**ACE inhibitor**
## Footnote
What would you do if they have an unproductive cough? Switch to -sartan (ARB)
139
Movement for extruding Maxillary incisor in mm/time?
1mm/week with 50g of force
140
What cell type is affected in HIV?
CD4 T cells
141
Beta Blockers MOA:
**Slows heart rate and also Vasodilation**
Beta blockers block Epi = **slows heart rate**
Beta blockers also cause **Vasodilation**
142
The facial vein drains into \_\_\_\_\_\_.
**Internal jugular vein**
143
Why did this endo fail? (Silver points were used) :
Silver points corrode when in contact with blood and interstitial fluid and cannot be condensed like Gutta purcha so it doesn't seal that great and could cause microleakage
144
**Agenesis** is associated with which of the following?
A. Hypodontia
B. Oligodontia
B. Oligodontia
Hypodontia \< 6 teeth missin
Oligodontia = 6 or more teeth missing
145
Age when tetracycline is the worst:
When the fetus is **14 weeks in utero** (maturation stage)
AND
Do not give children **8yrs and younger**
146
What penicillin can you give a patient with Liver Cirrhosis?
Penicillin VK
147
Recycled amalgam is picked up by what agency?
**EPA** (environmental protection agency)
148
Broken condyle, which direction does it go?
anterior (toward affected side)
149
This study shows that women taking __________ are at increased risk for dry socket and postoperative pain after extraction of a third molar.
Oral contraceptives
150
What is the longest acting NSAID?
A. Ibuprophen
B. Aspirin
C. Naproxen
D. Diclofenac
C. Naproxen
**"Long Nap"**
151
Best way to diff between endo vs perio?
lateral percussion
152
All these nerves are associated with sensory of tongue except :
A. CN V
B. CN IX
C. CN X
D. CN XII
D. CN XII
CN VII also does NOT provide sensory
153
All of the following provide **taste** to the tongue EXCEPT:
A. CN V
B. CN VII
C. CN IX
D. CN X
A. CN V
CN VII = taste ant 2/3
CN IX = taste post 1/3
CN X = taste base of tongue
154
What muscle depresses the tongue?
A. Palatoglossus
B. Hyoglossus
C. Styloglossus
D. Genioglossus
B. Hyoglossus
**Hyoglossus = depresses tongue (CN XII)**
**Palatoglossus = elevates tongue (CN X)**
**Syloglossus = retracts tongue (CN XII)**
**Genioglossus = protrudes tongue (CN XII)**
155
Best sedation for nervous patient?
Up to 10 mg diazepam 1 hour before the appointment **(if NO2
not an option)**
156
A patient presents with **low T3 T4** _but_ **high TSH** what would you suspect?
Cretinism (Myxedematous) = kids
Hashimotos = adults
157
What nerve goes through the image below?
Mental nerve
158
Which one is not mesoderm?
A. Mucous membrane
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Cartilage
D. Bone
A. Mucous membrane
Mesoderm = cartilage (looked it up on google)
159
160
What’s good about varnish?
Substantivity (dental plaque)
161
Least likely to have 2 canals?
A. Maxillary lateral incisor
B. Mandibular lateral incisor
A. Maxillary lateral incisor
162
Pregant woman in dental chair isn't felling good, what could be the cause?
Supine hypotensive syndrome
163
(T/F)
Smokers bleed more than regular people.
False
Smokers bleed less
164
Know what a lingual plate and lingual bar look like:
165
Supernumerary vs **transposition**. Pay attention if they give you a question on this.
Transposition is two teeth switching positions in a dental
arch. Example: canine switches places with lateral incisor.
166
Which organization works on getting health care providers out to limited access areas?
**NHSC**
**National Health Service Corps (Luis Guzman)**
167
What does not help osseointegration?
A. IL-1
B. IL-4
C. IL-10
D. TIMPs
A. IL-1
168
How many chest compressions a min when giving CPR to an adult?
169
What are the 6 side effects of **Steroids**?
170
What are the side effects of **Amphetamines**?
171
What are the arrows pointing to in the radiograph below?
172
What color does CHX stain teeth?
Brown
173
What type of drug is Plavix (clopidogrel) and what's the MOA?
Antiplatelet: competes w/ ADP
Google: Clopidogrel is an inhibitor of platelet activation and aggregation through the irreversible binding of its active metabolite to the P2Y12 class of ADP receptors on platelets.
174
What type of medications are these and what are there MOAs?
* Coumadin
* Heparin
* Eliquis
* Dabigatrin
175
What does clotting factor 5 do?
Factor V (FV) is a procoagulant molecule that interacts with other clotting proteins including activated factor X and PT to increase the production of thrombin, the key hemostatic enzyme that converts soluble fibrinogen to a fibrin clot
176
What is the MOA for each of the following: (both have same MOA)
* Eliquis (Apixaban)
* Xarelto (Rivaroxaban)
**Inhibits Factor Xa**
177
What is the MOA of Heparin?
Blocks Factor II and X
* Pulls thrombin and antithrombin together (blocking factor II)
* Know Heparin MOA: Heparin binds to antithrombin III and accelerates inhibition of factor Xa.
178
179
Review the Kennedy classifications in regards to RPDs.
180
181
What does the Chorda Tympani innervate?
Taste on Anterior 2/3 of tongue (CNVII)
182
What is the radiographic appearance of Fibrous Dysplasia and what syndrome is associated with it?
**Ground glass; McCune Albright Syndrome**
183
Photo of either pyogenic granuloma vs lateral gingival cyst: know the difference
Lateral periodontal cyst is at the bottom of this notecard (Pyogenic Granuloma is on the other side of the notecard)
184
What is the difference between each of the following in regards to location and type of tissue:
* HSV
* Aphthous ulcers
**HSV = keratinized tissue** = lips, tongue, **attached gingiva**, palate
**Aphthous ulcers = NON-keratinized tissue**
185
Medical emergency sequence MI, what do you do after you administer 3rd nitroglycerin (tricky because they didn’t mention anything about oxygen)
A. Oxygen
B. Aspirin
C. Call 911
B. Aspirin
186
Review alcohol interaction with different drugs:
187
Inferential Statistics:
Inferential statistics use measurements from the sample of subjects in the experiment to compare the treatment groups and make generalizations about the larger population of subjects.
188
The lingual vein drains into \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Internal Jugular Vein
Note: Internal Jugular Vein drains majority of the face
189
HSV-1 clinical signs:
lesions on keratinized surfaces, **fever blister, prodromal stage**
Fever blister = Cold sore
The Prodromal Stage: This is the phase where herpes symptoms start showing, indicating the onset of an infection.
190
What is the MOA of Antipsychotics?
**D2 and 5HT (serotonin) blocker**
191
What is the protocol/precautions for an HIV pt?
standard precautions (Basically none)
192
193
Maximum amount of Epi for:
* Normal patient:
* Cardiac patient:
Normal pt = 0.2
Cardiac pt = 0.04
194
Discuss Reserpine:
sympatholytic, Depletes NE storage to tx hypertension
This agent binds and inhibits catecholamine pump on the storage vesicles in central and peripheral adrenergic neurons, thereby inhibiting the uptake of norepinephrine, dopamine serotonin into presynaptic storage vesicles. This results in catecholamines and serotonin lingering in the cytoplasm where they are destroyed by intraneuronal monoamine oxidase, thereby causing the depletion of catecholamine and serotonin stores in central and peripheral nerve terminals. Depletion results in a lack of active transmitter discharge from nerve endings upon nerve depolarization, and consequently leads to a decreased heart rate and decreased arterial blood pressure as well as sedative effects.
195
Opaque porcelain (too opaque, which layer is too thick)?
196
Autoclave spore test how often:
once a week
197
Classify Immunoglobulins in regards to each hypersensitivity rxn:
198
Naproxen side effects:
side effects of naproxen are confusion, headache, **ringing in the ears (tinnitus)**, **changes in vision**, tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness and rashes
199
Orbicularis oris innervation?
CN VII
200
LA toxicity:
agitation, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, dysphoria, auditory changes, tinnitus, perioral numbness, metallic taste, and dysarthria. Without adequate **recognition** and **treatment**, these signs as symptoms can progress to **seizures**, **respiratory arrest, and/or coma**
201
What is **CPP-ACP**:
CPP–ACP is a **milk product which helps in remineralization and prevents dental caries**
202
Hyperthyroidism and what drugs do you use:
PTU, corticosteroids, beta blockers, potassium iodide
203
Levothyroxine MOA:
Synthetic T4
Synthroid (levothyroxine) is a man-made version of T4,
204
What are Coedines side effects?
Same as MORPHINE
* Myosis
* Out of it
* Respiratory depression
* Hypotension
* Infrequency (constipation)
* Nausea/vomiting
* Euphoria/dysphoria
205
What are the fluoride levels in fluoridated water?
Fluoride levels in water: 0.7-1.2ppm
206
Question about definition of senile caries?
Caries noted particularly in **old age** when supporting tissues have receded, occurs in cementum, usually on proximal surfaces of the teeth; involving both cementum and dentin, a slowly progressing chronic lesion of the root surface involving plaque and microbial invasion.
207
Definition of Choristoma VS Hamartoma?
**Choristoma:** Benign tumor made of Excess of normal tissue in an abnormal location
**Hamartoma**: excess of normal tissue in normal place
Google: Choristoma is a rare benign tumour consisting of microscopically normal tissue derived from germ cell layers foreign to that body site. Choristomas are classified according to their type of tissue. They sometimes arise within the skin or oral cavity, and can also occur in internal organs.
208
Mechanism of action of anti-seizure drugs:
Na+ channel blockers
209
Advil (ibuprofen) → is it specific or nonspecific, and what does it block?
options were
cyclooxygenase production or prostaglandin synthesis
**NON-specific and Blocks cyclooxygenase (COX) production**
It directly inhibits COX which is required for the synthesis of prostaglandins.
It does NOT **directly** inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
210
Shiny amalgam: indicates what?
options were over triturated, under triturated, insufficient
condensing, ... ?
(ADA health topic says: overtitration leads to shiny amalgam)
211
Patient with COPD and dental treatment modification :
NO LA alterations, prefer more upright, consider pulse oximeter range 88-95%, No Nitrous with severe COPD, may need supplemental o2, watch out if patient is taking steroids, may have dry mouth, candidiasis, may have GERD
212
Contact dermatitis:
A. Type I Hypersensitivity
B. Type II Hypersensitivity
C. Type III Hypersensitivity
D. Type IV Hypersensitivity
D. Type IV Hypersensitivity
213
Gave a right IA injection, now patient can’t close their right eye → what cranial nerve was affected?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
214
Structures that undergo endochondral ossification (“all except” question:
A. ethmoid bone
B. sphenoid
C. occipital
D. long bones
E. Maxilla
E. Maxilla
215
What to do if you’re extracting #20 on a patient, you give IA nerve block and patient is showing signs of anesthesia (lip) but #20 is still sensitive to endo ice. What do you do next?
A. give another IA nerve block
B. use articaine for buccal infiltration on 20
C. mental nerve block
B. use articaine for buccal infiltration on 20
216
Ketoacidosis is most common in which of the following?
A. Diabetes Type I
B. Diabetes Type II
A. Diabetes Type I
217
Veneer prep margin: options:
## Footnote
A. shoulder,
B. chamfer
C. chamfer with a bevel
B. chamfer
218
Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ):
Fosamax (Alendronate)
219
Most common site for MRONJ :
posterior mandible
220
Local anesthetic cartridges measured by 1.7cc → how much epi is in 2 cartridges of 1:100,000 epi?
Answer choices are in mg, or mcg (should be 0.036mg)
Cc = mL, 1 carp of 1:100 = 0.018 so 2 carps = 0.036
0.018 for 1 carpule of 1.8ml
221
Allodynia?
Normally touching your skin doesn't hurt, if you get sun burn though it will hurt to touch your skin
Something that doesn't usually cause pain is causing pain = allodynia
222
Alginate disinfection first step:
wash with water, then disinfect, then wash again
223
Cells in root resorption :
* External
* Internal
External = cementoblastic layer
Internal = odontoblastic layer
224
Bisphosphonates side effects:
may include **bone**, joint or **muscle pain**. Side effects of the oral tablets may include **nausea**, difficulty swallowing, **heartburn**, **irritation** of the esophagus (tube connecting the throat to the stomach) and gastric ulcer.
225
Bisphosphonate active ingredient name :
pyrophosphate
226
BRONJ is increased as the duration of bisphosphonate therapy exceeds 3 years.
A 3-month drug holiday is recommended for patients taking oral bisphosphonates for longer than 3 years.
227
INR multiple questions -
Normal ppl INR?
Warfarin pts normal INR?
In healthy people an INR of **1.1** or below is considered normal. An INR
range of **2.0 to 3.0** is generally an effective therapeutic range for people taking warfarin for disorders such as atrial fibrillation or a blood clot in the leg or lung. In certain situations, such as having a mechanical heart valve, you might need a slightly higher INR
228
What is Coumadins MOA?
Blocks clotting factors 2,7, 9, 10 (inhibits synthesis of vitamin K)
Google: COUMADIN and other coumarin anticoagulants act by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors, which include Factors II, VII, IX and X, and the anticoagulant proteins C and S.
229
Aspirin: MOA: (acetylsalicylic acid)
inhibit COX 1 and 2 irreversibly
- Inhibit TXA2 synt (platelet aggreg)
230
Do we premedicate for prosthetic joint anymore?
No
231
Zoledronic Acid – bisphosphonate MOA-
Zolendronic acid inhibits osteoclastic activity and induces osteoclast apoptosis.
232
Penicillin VK:
A. Oral medication
B. IV medication
A. Oral medication
233
Discuss each of the following in regards to Reserpine:
* What is it used for?
* Usually taken in conjunction with what medication
* MOA?
Reserpine - treatment of **high blood pressure**, usually in combination with a **thiazide** diuretic or vasodilator.
Large clinical trials have shown that combined treatment with reserpine plus a thiazide diuretic reduces mortality of people with hypertension.
**MOA-** irreversibly blocks the H+ .inhibits uptake and reduces stores of the monoamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and
histamine in the synaptic vesicles of neurons
234
Discuss each of the following:
* Value:
* Chroma:
* Hue:
* Which is most critical?
value: brightness (most critical)
chroma: saturation
hue: color
235
Predominant cell in gingivitis?
neutrophils and T cells
236
What does Erysipelas effect?
A. Skin
B. Gingiva
A. Skin
237
MOA of Benzodiazepines:
Increase GABA
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing a very important neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) at the GABA A receptor
238
CEREBRAL PALSY DEFINITION:
```
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that affect a
person's ability to move and maintain balance and posture.
```
239
What is associated with Scarlet Fever? (Hint: SSSS)
240
What is the tx for Status Elipticus?
**A seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes, or having more than 1 seizure within a 5 minutes period, without returning to a normal level of consciousness between episodes is called _status epilepticus_.** This is a medical emergency that may lead to permanent brain damage or death.
241
Discuss each of the following in regards to Facebow:
* Arbitrary Facebow
* Kinematic Facebow
Arbitrary – max to skull via ext. meatus.
Kinematic- placed on hinge of axis of Mand.
242
Discuss Periodontitis in regards to each of the following:
* Stage
* Grade
243
COLLAGEN FORMATION IN HEALING OF BONE TAKES PLACE IN \_\_\_\_\_\_.
2 weeks
244
DIFF BET CERAMIC ONLAY AND GOLD ONLAY -
DIFF BET CERAMIC ONLAY AND GOLD ONLAY - gold: 0,5 at margin, 1,0 non contact areas,
1,5 contact areas. – ceramic :minimum 1,5 thickness
245
GINGIVECTOMY THE EPITHELIUM FORMS FROM \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Primary intention
B. Secondary intention
B. Secondary intention
Primary intention = sutures used to close incision
246
Which of the following only has 1 cutting edge (blade)?
A. Universal Currettes
B. Gracey Curretes
C. Sickle scaler
B. Gracey Curretes
247
What do the School Child Program do for kids?
Fluoride varnish
248
What two things are involved in Substantivity in regards to microbial in plaque?
CHLORHEXIDINE..SUBSTANTIVITY (antiplaque)- 0.12% chlorhexidine is retained in the oral
cavity for at least 4 hours.
+
Fluoride varnish
249
Which of the following is used as mouth rinse?
A. CHX
B. Stannous
C. NaF
C. NaF
250
What does each of the following do to the dose response curve?
* Competetive antagonist
* Non-competitive antagonist
Competetive = shift to RIGHT
Non-Competetive = shift DOWN
POTENCY – is the power of a drug to specific concentration EFFICACY- is about Effect of a drug function binding
AFFINITY- is the Attractiveness to the receptor
251
252
Discuss each of the following in regards to the Dose Response Curve:
* Efficacy
* Affinity
* Potency
253
What disease is associated with Verruca Vulgaris:
**HPV**
254
What ion is in MTA?
**Calcium**
255
How do you measure Attached gingiva?
How do you measure Clincal Attachment Loss?
Free gingival groove to mucogingival junction
256
How long do you splint each of the following horizontal fractures?
* Coronal ?
* Mid-root?
* Apical?
* Subluxation?
* Avulsion?
* Extrusion?
* Lateral luxation?
Coronal = rigid splint (6-12 weeks)
Mid-root = 3 weeks
Apical = 2 weeks
Subluxation = 2 weeks
Avulsion = 1-2 weeks
Extrusion = 3 weeks
Lateral luxation = 3 weeks
Intrusion open apex = allow to erupt
Intrusion closed apex = reposition, flexible splint, RCT
257
What antibiotic is used in gingival sulcus?
Doxycycline
258
Where are **malignant melanomas** usually located in the oral cavity? (2)
Hard palate and gingiva
259
Identify the name of the lesion below?
260
Identify the name of the radiopacity in the maxillary sinus:
**Antral Cyst** (dome shaped in sinus)
261
What kind of effect does drinking alcohol on warfarin have?
Increased risk of major bleeding
262
What part of LA is bad for a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Epi
263
What is the typical location of a Granular Cell Tumor?
**Anterior Tongue**
264
What is the difference between dental plaster vs dental stone?
**Plaster**= impressions or orto models, low expansion, sets quickly.
**Stone**= diagnostic casts, abrasion resist, for dies
265
In a 14 year old skeletal class III patient, what decreases eventually?
A. SnA (won’t change),
B. SnB
C. ANB
D. y axis
C. ANB
266
Maximum number of cartridges in 57 kg women - 2% lido with 1:100k epi?
hint: start with calculating epi
11 carpules
**0.2mg** max epi for ASA I
0. 018mg of epi per carp of lido
0. 2 / 0.018 = **11 carpules**
267
What is the maximum for each of the following:
* Max Epi for ASA I
* Max Epi for cardiac pt
* Max LA w/o Epi
* Max LA for children
* Max LA w/ Epi
Max Epi for ASA I = 0.2mg
Max Epi for cardiac pt = 0.04mg
Max LA w/o Epi = 4.4mg/kg
Max LA for children = 4.4mg/kg
Max LA w/ Epi = 7mg/kg
268
How much Epi is in 1 carpule of 2% Lidocaine w/ 1:100k epi?
* How much epi is in 1 carpule of 1:200k epi?
* 1:50k epi?
1: 100k epi = 0.018mg
* Just divide 0.018 by 2
1: 200k epi = 0.009
1: 50k epi = 0.0
269
Calculate each of the following in regards to 1.8ml 2% Lidocaine 1:100k epi:
* How many mg of epi per carpule?
* How many mg of LA per carpule?
Epi = 0.018mg
LA = 18mg
270
271
What syndrome are the arrows below pointing at?
Eagle syndrome (calcified stylohyoid)
272
What's the importance of bleeding in RPDs?
done on posterior movable mucosa tissue to prevent food entrapment, on major connector
273
What is **indium** used for in prosthodontics?
It is used to make veneers and crowns harder (stronger)
"Those Indians are hard mother fuckers"
Role of indium - Indium is a hardening component of classic high gold content alloys for use with ceramic veneers. Reduced gold and palladium based alloys are also primarily “hardened” using Indium.
274
What 2 test can you do on alcoholics?
INR and PT
275
Propanolol MOA:
Propranolol is a non-selective beta receptor antagonist. This means that it does not have preference to Beta-1 or Beta-2 receptors. It competes with sympathomimetic neurotransmitters for binding to receptors, which inhibits sympathetic stimulation of the heart.
276
Why shouldn't you take penicillin and tetracyclines together?
Cancel each other out
277
What tx do you do for Furcations?
278
What muscle of mastication is most associated with condylar fractures?
Lateral pterygoid
279
Chronic **ranula** treatment:
Initial tx = marsupialization
Chronic (recurrent) tx = remove gland w/ ranula
removal of the lesion along with the associated major salivary gland with insignificant recurrence (removal of sublingual gland with it for chronic, Marsupialization for initial treatment )
280
Nausea vomiting associated with opioid bc stimulation of:
stimulation of visceral mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. Stimulation medulla
281
Heavy duty gloves used for?
A. Cleaning
B. chemical handling
C. normal procedures
D. rx of immunocompromised individuals
A. Cleaning
282
Fluoride question of a patient in low fluoride area. Age and fluoride concentration given. How much supplemental will you prescribe.
283
Non-working side interference?
284
**Meperidine** antagonist. Meperidine is a narcotic so an antagonist would be what reversal medication?
Naloxone
285
How to increase the contrast of an image?
A. Decrease kVp
B. Increase kVp
C. Decrease filter
D. Increase density
A. Decrease KVP
kVp = decreases contrast
Filter = increases contrast
286
Know what antibiotic to use for NUG -
Metronidazole + Amoxicillin
287
What does PICO stand for?
Population, Intervention, Comparison Outcome
288
What muscles attach to the larynx?
Aretynoids and cricothyroid
note: anything with aretynoid in the name attaches to larynx
289
What are the 3 best antibiotics used for cellulitis?
antibiotic for cellulitis: The best antibiotic to treat cellulitis include **dicloxacillin**,
**cephalexin**, trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole, **clindamycin**, or doxycycline antibiotics.
290
The CDC classifies each of the following as reusable dental instruments EXCEPT:
A. Critical
B. Semi-critical
C. Non-critical
C. Non-critical
291
What's the best crown for a patient with occlusal wear?
Gold
292
What is the name of the appliance below?
Nance appliance (acryclic button)
293
What type of lesion is on the picture below?
Varix (purple)
294
What are examples of vector born diseases?
Malaria (protozoan), mosquitoes, ticks,
and fleas
295
My question was what tissues are derived from mesenchyme?
Bone, cartilage, muscle, neural cells and skin cells
INBDE
flashcards
Decks in class (18)
# Cards
-
Oral Pathology (MENTAL DENTAL)309
-
Orthodontics126
-
Endodontics110
-
Operative Dentistry148
-
Pharmacology196
-
Prosthodontics351
-
Patient Management158
-
Periodontics205
-
Oral Surgery225
-
Pediatrics238
-
Oral Medicine128
-
Head & Neck Anatomy306
-
Actual INBDE Qs37
-
Acronyms to remember29
-
Oral Radiology46
-
BOARDS3
-
DELANO295
-
ADEX OSCE8
