Democrazitation

Question 1

what is democrazitation

Answer 1

the process of becoming more democratic

Question 2

what are the stages of democratization

Answer 2

1. democratic transition

2. democratic consolidation

Question 3

what is democratic transition

Answer 3

authoritarian-> democratic

Question 4

what is democratic consolidation

Answer 4

preserving/strengthening democracy features

Question 5

what are the 5 theories of countries turning democratic

Answer 5

1. modernization (economy)
2. cultural changes
3. systemic conditions (intl system)
4. domestic institutions
5. agency

Question 6

what pushes a country to democracy

Answer 6

economic development

Question 7

what is the first theory of modernization (middle class)

Answer 7

economic development -> democratic transition (role of middle class)
- historically, capitalism caused urbanization, industrialization, tech -> more education

Question 8

what is the reasoning behind the role of the middle class?

Answer 8

because want
   - private property
   - civil liberties
   - suffrage
democracy helps push for it

Question 9

what is the critique to the middle class theory?

Answer 9

economic development in authoritarian regimes

eg. Singapore/china

Question 10

What is the second theory of modernization

Answer 10

economic development -> consolidation that’s not authoritarian

 - poor countries -> fail
 - rich countries -> consolidation * $15,000< per capita -> no democracy broken down

Question 11

why does economic development favor democratic consolidation

Answer 11

poor democracies in crisis = risk of collapse

Question 12

economic development -> more equal societies -> consolidation why?

Answer 12

high inequality
poor and rich, rich leading authoritarianly
low inequality
very poor = less threatening for elites THEREFORE democracy costs = lower for elites (because more middle class willing to fight)

Question 13

what can an intl system directly do?

Answer 13

a) hinder democracy
eg. colonialism/cold war
b) promote democracy
eg. EU/US intervention in Germany/Japan after WWII

Question 14

how can intl system indirectly favor democracy

Answer 14

democratizers learn from cases and follow suit AKA snowball effect (American revolution)

Question 15

what is Hunington’s explanation of intl system

Answer 15

three waves of democratization theory

Question 16

what is the three waves of democratization (Huntington

Answer 16

1) 1820-1920
     US/Western Europe -> more suffrage
2) 1945-1960
     Western Europe/Japan -> end of WWII
3) 1974-1990
     Southern Europe/Latin America/Eastern Europe

Question 17

what are the causes of the third wave (1974-1990)

Answer 17

1. external forces
2. snowballing
3. catholic church shifts
4. global economic growth (1960s)
5. legitimacy problem of authoritarian regimes

Question 18

what were the external forces of the third wave

Answer 18

• european community
• fall soviet union
• us democratizing foreign policy

Question 19

what was the significance of the catholic church’s shifts

Answer 19

• 2nd vatican council

- weak alliance of church/dictator