VTNE Studying > Dentistry > Flashcards

Dentistry Flashcards

Please don't use - these are personalized to my missed questions (88 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is gingival hyperplasia?

A

An inflammatory condition of the gums that results in the overgrowth of proliferative tissue - it can extend in all directions, fully encompassing the crown in severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is gingival hyperplasia diagnosed?

A

By excessive pocket depth and distance from the cementoenamel junction to the gingival margin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four categories of gingival hyperplasia?

A
  1. Inflammatory gingival enlargement
  2. Systemic causes of gingival enlargement
  3. Medication-induced gingival enlargment
  4. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do dental caries occur?

A

Occur secondary to plaque-induced demineralization which results in the destruction of enamel and dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is gingival recession?

A

The apical movement of the gingival margin, away from the coronal aspect of the tooth and is frequently secondary to gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is distoclusion?

A

A malocclusion in which the maxilla is longer than the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does root planing do?

A

Helps remove any gross calculus and cementum around the tooth root using a curette by using various strokes in various directions

Also removes microorganisms and toxins that have caused necrotic debris along the periodontium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is subginigval curettage?

A

The process of removing infected soft tissue from periodontal pockets with either a curette or periodontal incision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between open and closed root planing?

A

Closed: No flap needed; used in areas less than 4mm in depth

Open: Gingival flap required to access debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What composes the majority of the tooth and is located beneath the enamel and cementum?

A

Dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cementum?

A

Bone-like connective tissue covering the tooth roots and providing mechanical support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the difference between extrinsic staining and intrinsic staining?

A

Extrinsic - stains from pigment left from food blood, and antiplaque products such as chlorhexidine rinses
Intrinsic - within the tooth and not removable; causes by various drugs, trauma, and genetic defects manifested during tooth development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What pattern is often used to close gingival flaps in small animals? What kind of suture is generally preferred?

A

Simple Interrupted
Absorbable suture material and monofilament to minimize braiding and irritation as it pulls through the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does cementum do?

A

Helps secure a tooth into the alveolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is dentin?

A

The hard tissue that forms the bulk of a tooth’s volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the wolf teeth in horses?

A

Permanent first pre-molars (P1) that are seen in the upper arcade of 20-60% of horses
Rarely occur in lower arcade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

On dental radiographs, what anatomical feature is commonly misinterpreted as a periapical pathological abnormality?

A

Middle mental foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mandibular brachygnathism is also known as which of the following?

A

Mandibular distoclusion
Overbite
Parrot mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is are Class 1 malocclusions?

A

Neutroclusions
Occur when 1 or more teeth are in an abnormal position; the maxilla and mandible have a normal relationship to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give an example of a Class 1 malocclusion.

A

A tooth that is rotated or pointing in the wrong direction
Rostral crossbites
Linguoversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are examples of Class II malocclusions?

A

Distoclusions:
Maxillary prognathism (maxilla is forward)
Mandibular retrognathism (mandible develops caudally)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What types of dogs are Class II malocclusions most commonly observed in?

A

Dolichcephalic dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are Class III malocclusions?

A

Mesioclusions
Occur when the mandible is forward (mandibular prognathism) relative to the maxilla (maxillary retrognathism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are other names for mesioclusions?

A

Prognathism
Underbite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What types of dogs are Class III malocclusions/mesioclusions most commonly observed in?
Brachycephalic dogs
26
What is ptyalism?
Drooling
27
What direction should curved curettes and scalers be sharpened?
From heel to the toe/tip against the lateral surface
28
Where should a technician stand when taking dental radiographs?
Either behind a wall or barrier, or from a 90-130 degree angle perpendicular to the x-ray beam
29
What substance is produced by odontoblasts?
Dentin
30
What substance is produced by ameloblasts?
Enamel
31
What substance is produced by cementoblasts?
Cementum
32
At what age is it considered normal for dogs to erupt their permanent canine teeth?
12-16 weeks
33
At what age is it considered normal for dogs to erupt their permanent incisors?
12-16 weeks
34
At what age is it considered normal for dogs to erupt their permanent premolars?
16-20 weeks
35
At what age is it considered normal for dogs to erupt their permanent molars?
16-20 weeks
36
On dental radiographs, which tissue appears as a white line surrounding a healthy tooth root?
Lamina dura
37
When maintaining scalers used for calculus removal, water lines should be drained how often and for what purpose?
Daily To prevent biofilm
38
Describe attachment loss for each stage of periodontal disease.
PD 0 = Normal mouth, no periodontal disease PD 1 = Gingivitis without attachment loss PD 2 = <25% attachment loss PD3 = Between 25-50% attachment loss PD 4 = >50% attachment loss
39
Why should a dental explorer not be used for evaluating gingival sulcus depth?
-Sharp tip can traumatize the gingiva -No mm markings to objectively evaluate depth
40
What does the term "floating" mean in dentistry?
Rasping down the sharp edges of teeth in horses (occlusal tooth surface)
41
Why is floating required in horses?
Keep the grinding surfaces of the teeth smooth to prevent pain and trauma to the oral mucosa, and difficulty eating
42
Where is a canine infraorbital nerve block given? What length needle is needed?
Into the infraorbital foramen above the roots of the maxillary 3rd premolar, specifically the mesial root 1 1/4 inch
43
What areas does the infraorbital block help provide local anesthesia to?
Varies for each patient, but may include bone, teeth, and soft tissue mesial to the 3rd premolar
44
When using a curette in a pocket, what angulation of the face of the instrument should you use?
As close to zero as possible
45
What does apical mean?
Towards the root tip
46
What does coronal mean?
Towards the crown
47
How much periodontal attachment loss does a patient have with each grade of periodontal disease?
Grade 0: No loss Grade 1: No loss Grade 2: 0-25% Grade 3: 25-50% Grade 4: >50%
48
What is the most effective treatment for recurrent cases of feline chronic gingivostomatitis? What percentage of patients may experience a lifetime cure from this treatment?
Full mouth extractions 80%
49
What is the cause of feline chronic gingivostomatitis?
Cause not fully understood, but believed to be a hypersensitivity reaction to plaque, potentially in combination with another immune disorder (FeLV, FIV)
50
How does an ultrasonic magnetostrictive scaler work?
By converting sound waves into mechanical vibration
51
Which teeth are used for grinding food in dogs and cats?
Molars
52
In camelid males, at what age do fighting teeth erupt?
2 years old
53
How and why are the fighting teeth of food/breeding ruminants removed?
Removed with a gigli wire to prevent damage to others
54
Approximately what amount of the cutting edge of the tip of the scaler should remain in contact with a tooth when performing hand scaling?
1/3 of the cutting edge of the tip
55
How far does the periodontal probe travel in instances of Stage 1 furcation? Stage 2?
Stage 1: < 50% Stage 2: >50%
56
What is CUPS?
Chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis Inflammation of any soft tissues contacting crowns when the mouth is closed
57
What is osteomylelitis?
Bony infection
58
What occurs if you use an angle that is too close to the tooth when hand scaling?
Smoothing/burnishing of the calculus, which only delays removal and prolongs the procedure
59
What does dental pulp do?
Supplies nutrients needed for the deposit of secondary dentin
60
What does the middle mental nerve block block?
Sensation of the lower lip and frenulum rostrally, and may or may not also affect ipsilateral sensation of the canines and incisors
61
What does the inferior alveolar nerve block block?
Sensation of the bone and soft tissue of the entire ipsilateral mandible
62
What does the maxillary nerve block block?
Block sensation of the maxillary quadrant of concern, palatally and bucally
63
What does the power knob adjust on a dental machine?
Amplitude - distance the tip will move back and forth during a single cycle Higher power is needed for heavier tartar loads
64
What does the flow knob adjust on a dental machine?
The flow of water through the scaler
65
How many rugae are present in the hard palate?
8-10 rugae
66
What is the incisive papilla?
Structure found at the midline of the hard palate just behind the incisors
67
Where is the vomeronasal organ? What does it do?
Lateral to the incisive papilla A sensory organ helpful with pheromone detection
68
What is dilaceration?
Developmental abnormality resulting in a sharp bend in either the crown or the root
69
How often should the oil level of compressors be checked and how frequently should the oil be changed?
Checked weekly Changed biannually
70
To correctly evaluate individual teeth, radiographs must include how much bone beneath the root?
2-3mm of bone
71
What are magnetostrictive scaler tips?
Scalers where the tip vibrates elliptically at speeds from 18,000 - 29,000 cycles per second
72
What are piezoelectric scaler tips?
Scaler tips that are linearly active, converting alternating currents into 40,000 cycles per second
73
Describe sonic scalers.
Scalers with less heat buildup and elliptical tip vibration up to 18,000 cycles per second
74
What are rotary scalers?
Scalers utilizing specific dental burs and placing them into a high speed hand unit that spin at 300,000 to 400,000
75
How do ultrasonic scalers work?
Convert sound waves into mechanical vibrations
76
When and how often should dental hand instruments be sharpened? What is the preferred tool to test the sharpness of the sharpened instrument?
Before sterilization and after each use Acrylic stick - if the instruments "bites" into the stick, it is considered sharp
77
At what approximate angle should the sharpening stone and the blade's face be when sharpening instruments?
110 degrees
78
What does a shepherd's hook do?
Detects caries and fractured teeth with excellent tactile sensitivity Detects subgingival plaque and enamel defects
79
What are epulides?
Peripheral odontogenic fibromas Most commonly observed benign tumor in a dog's oral cavity, affecting only the gingiva, not the bone
80
What are the 3 classifications of epulides?
Acanthomatous (most locally invasive) Fibromatous Ossifying
81
What are the most commonly seen oral cancers in dogs?
Oral melanoma Squamous cell carcinoma Fibrosarcomas Osteosarcomas
82
What are the most commonly seen oral cancers in dogs?
Squamous cell carcinoma
83
When considering dental radiograph equipment, what setting is the only one we may manipulate to adjust the overall technique?
Exposure time (s)
84
How often should endodontically treated teeth be radiographed and assessed? Why?
At least annually to ensure the treatment has remained intact and the teeth remain healthy
85
Which type of teeth are typically absent or less developed in female horses versus male horses?
Canine teeth
86
How many canine teeth do male horses have? At what age do they erupt?
4 canine teeth 4-6 years old
87
How many of each teeth are in each quadrant in an adult horse?
3 incisors 3 premolars 3 molars +/- 1 canine tooth Some may have additional first premolars known as wolf teeth
88
What suture pattern are gingival flaps generally? What suture is generally used?
Simple interrupted 4.0 - 5.0 monofilament suture
VTNE Studying
flashcards
Decks in class (21)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions