Dentistry

Question 1

Define mesial

Answer 1

surface of tooth toward the midline of the dental arch

Question 2

Define diastema

Answer 2

wider space between teeth

Question 3

Define apical and coronal

Answer 3

apical - toward the root or away from the crown

coronal - towards the crown

Question 4

What is gingival sulcus?

Answer 4

potential space between tooth and gingiva

Question 5

What are the components of the periodontum?

Answer 5

• gingiva
• periodontal ligament
• cementum
• alveolar bone

Question 6

What are the functions of the periodontal ligament?

Answer 6

• attaches tooth to alveolus
• absorbs shock from the impact of occlusal forces and transmits them to the alveolar bone
• supplies nutrients and drainage
• provides tactile and proprioceptive information
• isolates tooth from surrounding bone

Question 7

What happens if the periodontal ligament ossifies?

Answer 7

osteoclasts can invade the tooth and remodel it into brittle bone
- roots disappear and crown breaks off when chewing solids

Question 8

What is problem with the parotid salivary gland papilla, and where is it located?

Answer 8

• releases mineral rich saliva and makes tartar accumulate more quickly
• PM 208

Question 9

What forms the dentin, enamel, and cementum?

Answer 9

dentin - odontoblasts (throughout life)

enamel - ameloblasts

cementum - cementoblasts (throughout life)

Question 10

What causes retained deciduous teeth?

Who is most predisposed?

Answer 10

• caused by a failure of the primary tooth’s root to undergo resorption
• toy breeds, also in cats

Question 11

What is the problem caused by retained deciduous teeth?

Answer 11

• adult canines erupt lingual to retained teeth

- cause base narrowing

Question 12

Who is predisposed to tooth crowding?

Answer 12

bracycephalics

Question 13

What is gemination?

Answer 13

incomplete splitting into two teeth

- two crowns, one root

Question 14

What is “Scissors Bite”?

Answer 14

• normal occlusion
• maxillary incisors rostral to mandubular incisors
• mandibular incisors contact cingulum of maxillary incisors
• mandibular canines between lateral incisor and maxillary canine

Question 15

What is cingulum?

Answer 15

the shelf on the palatal surface of the maxillary incisors where the mandibular incisors occlude or rest

Question 16

Describe class 1 malocclusion

Answer 16

• malpositioned teeth
• jaw length normal
• anterior/posterior cross-bite
• base narrow canines

Question 17

Describe class 2 malocclusion

Answer 17

• mandibular brachygnathism

- parrot mouth, overshot

Question 18

Describe class 3 malocclusion

Answer 18

• mandibular prognathism

- undershot

Question 19

What is anterior cross-bite?

Answer 19

one or more of the maxillary incisors are displaced toward the palate
- class 1 malocclusion

Question 20

What is posterior cross-bite?

Answer 20

maxillary premolars are lingual to mandibular premolars or molars
- class 1 malocclusion

Question 21

What is level bite?

Answer 21

incisor crowns meet

• considered prognathism
• class 3 malocclusion
• leads to abnormal wear/attrition

Question 22

What is wry mouth?

Answer 22

unequal arch development

• midlines do not meet
• mandible pulled to opposite side

Question 23

What is a dentigerous cyst?

Answer 23

fluid filled cyst surrounding the crown of an unerupted tooth
- results from persistence of portions of enamel forming epithelium

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of a dentigerous cyst?

Answer 24

• missing teeth
• swelling: blue hue
• displacement of teeth
• pain

Question 25

How is a dentigerous cyst treated?

Answer 25

- extraction of impacted tooth - remove lining of cyst - bone graft

Question 26

What is the cause of enamel hypoplasia/hypocalification?

Answer 26

- damage to ameloblasts during enamel development or exposure of enamel to corrosive material - due to high fevers, distemper, periapical inflammation, or trauma

Question 27

What is attrition?

Answer 27

pathologic wear due to contact with opposing tooth

Question 28

What is the etiology of dental caries?

Answer 28

bacteria produce organic acids that decalcify enamel and dentin in the presence of carbs

Question 29

What are the clinical signs of periapical infection?

Answer 29

- nasal disease - maxillary/mandibular abscesses - intraoral fistula - retrobulbar disease - pathologic fracture

Question 30

What is the etiology of gingival hyperplasia?

Answer 30

- focal: periodontal disease - generalized: seen in boxers - drugs: cyclosporine, Ca channel blockers, anticonvulsants

Question 31

What is the treatment for uncomplicated and enamel fractures?

Answer 31

- indirect pulp capping | - crown restoration

Question 32

What is the treatment for complicated fractures?

Answer 32

- vital pulpotomy or root canal | - crown restoration or tooth extraction

Question 33

What is the objective of a vital pulpotomy?

Answer 33

to maintain viable tooth that will continue to mature

Question 34

What is the objective of a complete root canal?

Answer 34

- complete removal of pulp contents | - seal apex to prevent bacteria from escaping

Question 35

What are the five stages of tooth resorption?

Answer 35

- Stage 1: mild hard tissue loss - Stage 2: moderate hard tissue loss - Stage 3: deep hard tissue loss - Stage 4 - extensive hard tissue loss - Stage 5 - majority of tooth has been resorbed

Question 36

What are the clinical signs associated with tooth resorption?

Answer 36

- inflammation and pain when lesions extend coronally - localized hyperplasic/hyperemic gingiva - pain: dropping food, anorexia, chattering

Question 37

What are the clinical signs of gingivostomatitis?

Answer 37

- pytalism, halitosis, dysphagia, anorexia, weight loss - marginal gingitivitis - inflammation

Question 38

What is the treatment for gingivostomatitis?

Answer 38

tooth extraction

Question 39

What are the clinical signs of canine ulcerative paradental stomatitis?

Answer 39

- halitosis - pytalism - anorexia - "kissing" leisons

Question 40

What are the clinical signs of eosinophilic granuloma?

Answer 40

- skin lesions: ulcerations, linear granulomas | - oral lesions: lip ulceration, hard palate erosion

Question 41

What are the indications for a glossectomy?

Answer 41

- trauma - neoplasia - macroglossia

Question 42

What is an acquired pellicle?

Answer 42

a thin layer of salivary proteins on the surface of the tooth to which bacteria attach

Question 43

What is the pathology associated with periodontitis?

Answer 43

- irreversible - gingival recession - destruction of periodontal ligament - bone loss - mobility

Question 44

What are the clinical signs of periodontal disease?

Answer 44

- halitosis - accumulation of plaque and tartar - inflammed or bleed gingiva - loose teeth - excessive salivation

Question 45

Describe stage 1 of periodontal disease

Answer 45

Gingivitis - erythema - bleeding of gingiva when probed - loss of stipling - reversible

Question 46

Describe stage 2 of periodontal disease

Answer 46

Early periodontitis - bleeding of gingiva when probed - minor pockets - normal to hyperplastic gingiva - +/- minimal bone loss - controllable, but not completely reversible

Question 47

Describe stage 3 of periodontal disease

Answer 47

Moderate periodontitis - gingival hyperplasia +/- recession - moderate to deep pockets - 25-50% bone loss - slight to moderate mobility

Question 48

Describe stage 4 of periodontal disease

Answer 48

Advanced periodontitis - gingival recession, furcation exposure - deep pockets - > 50% bone loss - tooth mobility - horizontal and vertical bone loss

Question 49

What is feline buccal bone expansion?

Answer 49

an expression of vertical pocket formation filled with granulation tissue and osteitis

Question 50

What is the #1 preventative method of periodontal disease?

Answer 50

mechanical abrasion

Question 51

What are the indications for exodontics?

Answer 51

- retained deciduous teeth - severe periodontal disease - non-vital teeth or fractured crown with root exposure - teeth undergoing absorption - malocclusion - supernumerary teeth - impacted teeth

Question 52

When is surgical extraction of teeth indicated?

Answer 52

- teeth with healthy root structure - impacted teeth - decreased teeth where complications are a major risk

Question 53

What are the possible causes of an oronasal fistula?

Answer 53

- dental disease and extractions - pressure necrosis from foreign body - complication of surgery - trauma