Deploy Networking Devices

Question 1

Repeater

Answer 1

• Boosts signal along cable run to overcome attenuation
• Works at OSI layer 1
• Available in both copper and fiber (OEO) Optical-electrical-optical repeater

Question 2

Media Converter

Answer 2

• Converts two cable segments of different Media

- Physical layer of OSI model

Question 3

SMF to TP

Answer 3

• Powered converters that change light from SMF cabling to electrical signals and vice versa

Question 4

MMF to TP

Answer 4

• Converts different signals from MMF to TP

Question 5

SMF to MMF

Answer 5

• Passive (unpowered) devices that convert between fiber cabling types

Question 6

Hub

Answer 6

• Effectively a multiport repeater
• All ports are on same CD and shared media access area
• All node interfaces are half duplex and use same media bandwidth
• No configuration options

Question 7

MDI vs MDI-X

Answer 7

• Medium Dependent Interface refers to interface on end system
• interface on Hub is MDI crossover(X)
• Tx wires on host must connect to Rx wires on hub

Question 8

Bridge

Answer 8

• Works at datalink layer
• Establishes separate physical networking segments while keeping all nodes on logical network
• Reduces CDs
• Each segment can have separate media bandwidth
• Forwards only appropriate traffic
• Builds MAC table to know which addresses are on which ports
• If no record exists (of if frame is multi or broadcast) bridge flooded frame to all segments to find it.

Question 9

Switch

Answer 9

• Performs same function as bridge, but with each port being a separate CD
• Effectively establishes separate P-P connections between nodes
• Collisions only effect network sement
• All connected to same BD, except if there are VLANs

Question 10

Microsegmentation

Answer 10

• The creation of point-point links between network nodes using a switch

Question 11

NIC

Answer 11

Network Interface Card

• Transceiver component used to physically connect node to network transmission medium
• Most designed for copper and read for 10/100/1000 operation, and support Gigabit ethernet
• Can also have multiple ports on same card for connection to different networks or link aggregation

Question 12

MAC Address

Answer 12

Media Access Control address

• Unique hardware address on NIC
• Can also be called EA(Ethernet Address) or EUI (Extended unique identifier)
• Also referred to as local or physical address

Question 13

PDU

Answer 13

Protocol Data Unit

Question 14

Frame

Answer 14

• PDU used by ethernet
• Encapsulates higher level payloads
• Contains: Preamble - SFD- Destination MAC - Source MAC - Ether type - Payload - FCS
• Preamble and SFD are used for clock synchronization as part of CSMA/CD protocol
• FCS is error checking 32-bit field, also called CRC (Cyclic redundancy check)
• Sending and receiving devices run same check to determine damage on frame
• No built-in method to retransmit if there is damage

Question 15

Broadcast Address

Answer 15

• The I/G bit of a MAC address determines whether frame is address to single node or group.
• A MAC consisting of all 1s is a broadcast address and should be processed by all nodes on BD

Question 16

MTU

Answer 16

Maximum transmission unit

Question 17

Ethernet Frame Size

Answer 17

• Minimum length is 64 bytes
• Maximum is 1518 byes
• Some Gigabit and 10 GbE products support larger(jumbo) frames, but this is not standardized

Question 18

Packet Sniffer

Answer 18

• Captures frames moving along network medium
• Basic software based version interrogates frames receivedf by NIC by installed special driver
• Allows frames to be read from network stack and saved to file on disk

Question 19

SPAN

Answer 19

Switched Port Analyzer/Mirror port

• Packet sniffer attached to a specially configured port on switch
• Receives copies of frames address to nominated access ports
• Not completely reliable

Question 20

Passive TAP

Answer 20

Passive test access point

• Box with ports for incoming and outgoing network cabling and inductor or splitter
• Physically copies signal from cabling to monitor port
• Usuable for copper of bier
• Receives every frame corrupt or not and has not load issues

Question 21

Active TAP

Answer 21

• Powered device that performs signal regeneration

- Necessary for some Gigabit and fiber splitting circumstances

Question 22

tcpdump

Answer 22

Command-line pack capture unity for linux

• Basic syntax: tcpdump -i eth0
• eth0 would be the interface to listen on