Depression Disorders

Question 1

Prolonged emotional tone

Answer 1

Mood

Question 2

Moment to moment emotional state

Answer 2

Affect

Question 3

Psychodynamic factors of depression

Answer 3

• Unresolved, often unconscious conflict
• Loss, disruption of significant attachments
• Traumatic disillusionments regarding self and others

Question 4

Cognitive factors of depression (“negative cognitive triad”)

Answer 4

Unrealistically negative and demeaning view of oneself, world, future

Question 5

• Excessive recall of negative material
• Catastrophizing and overgeneralizing
• Dismissive of positive experience
• Personalize failures
• Rigidity of expectations

Answer 5

Negative cognitive style

Question 6

interpersonal stressors leading to depression

Answer 6

• Unresolved grief
• Problematic role transitions
• Interpersonal disputes

Question 7

• Follows experiences with uncontrollable events
• Outcome is independent of effort
• Animal model of depression
• Hopelessness and loss of self-esteem
• relationship to “culture of poverty”

Answer 7

Learned helplessness

Question 8

Psychobiological or traumatic factors leading to depression

Answer 8

• Physical or Sexual
• Chronic Brain and Neuroendocrine Abnormalities
• Increased vulnerability to new stressors
• Genetic predisposition
• Disturbance of sleep and circadian rhythms
• Regional disturbances in rain
• Treatment Resistant Depression
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Question 9

Social and cultural predispositions to depression

Answer 9

• Cohort effect - baby boomers, depression, suicide

- Immigration - integration, assimilation, rejection, marginalization

Question 10

What is the major risk factor for suicide?

Answer 10

Depression

Question 11

Depression can be a major risk factor for what illness?

Answer 11

Cardiovascular

Question 12

What medical illnesses have the highest prevalence of depression?

Answer 12

Stroke, Parkinson’s, cancer

Question 13

What drugs are often used in depressed HIV-positive outpatients?

Answer 13

Paroxetine, Imipramine

Question 14

Three major types of depressive disorders?

Answer 14

1. Major depressive episode - single episode
2. Dysthymic Disorder - persistent depression disorder
3. Bereavement

Question 15

Example of a depressive disorder not otherwise specified (NOS)

Answer 15

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder - during final week before menses, improves after onset - affective lability, interpersonal irritability, anger, depression/self-depreciation, anxiety/tension

Question 16

Maladaptive rxn to social stressor (marital, job, illness), impaired social/occupational function plus excessive symptoms

Answer 16

Adjustment disorder w/ depressed mood

Question 17

Loss of pleasure in all or almost all activities or lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli

Answer 17

Melancholia

Question 18

What type of depressive disorder are women affected with 2x as much?

Answer 18

Persistent depressive disorders - dysthymia