Various Pharm > Derm Pharm > Flashcards

Derm Pharm Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Cream

A
  • half water/half oil and emulsifier

- good for oozing/wet skin

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2
Q

Ointment

A
  • 20% water/ 80% oil
  • feels greasy and stay on skin
  • best for dry skin
  • less likely to cause allergy
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3
Q

humectants

A
  • draw water to outer layer of skin

- glycerin, lecithin, and propylene glycol

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4
Q

horny substance (keratin) softener

A
  • loosens bonds between top layers of cells
  • helps cells retain water
  • urea, alpha hydroxyacids (e.g., lactic, citric, glycolic), allantoin
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5
Q

chlorhexidine

A
  • ANTISEPTIC/DISINFECTANT
  • bacterial spores=prevents development
  • mycobacteria=static not cidal
  • bacteria and yeasts =protoplast and spheroplastlysis; high concentrations cause precipitation of proteins and nucleic acids

-Not active against: viruses, protozoan cysts

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6
Q

becaplermin

A
  • platelet derived GROWTH FACTOR
  • promotes cell proliferation and angiogenesis
  • diabetic foot ulcers
  • use of >3 tubes increases risk for malignancy by 4x
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7
Q

miconazole

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL

- cream, vaginal cream or suppository

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8
Q

clotrimazole

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL

- cream, vaginal cream or tablets

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9
Q

efinaconazole

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • onchomycosis treatment
  • 48 wk treatment
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10
Q

ketoconozole

A
  • ANTIFUNGAL
  • cream for topical treatment of dermatophytosis and candidiasis
  • shampoo or foam for seborrheic dermatitis
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11
Q

ciclopirox

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • broad spectrum antimycotic
  • disrupts macromolecular synthesis
  • activity against dermatophytes, Candida and Malassezia
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12
Q

terbinafine

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • allylamine, selectively inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme for the synthesis of ergosterol
  • Highly active against dermatophytes, less active against yeast
  • can cause irritation to mucous membranes
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13
Q

tolnaftate

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • distorts hyphae/mycelial growth
  • effective topically against various dermatophyte and malessezia infections, but NOT Candida
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14
Q

nystatin

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • binds to fungal sterols and alters membrane permeability
  • ONLY topical and mucosal treatments of candida (not absorbed in GI)
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15
Q

amphotericin b

A
  • topical ANTIFUNGAL
  • binds to fungal sterols and alters membrane permeability
  • ONLY topical treatments of cutaneous candida
  • temporary yellow staining
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16
Q

acyclovir

A
  • topical ANTIVIRAL
  • synthetic guanine analog
  • inhibits herpes simplex 1 & 2
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17
Q

tacrolimus

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • topical calcineurin inhibitor
  • used for anogenital pruritis
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18
Q

naltrexone

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • μ-opioid receptor antagonist
  • used for cholestatic and CKD pruritis
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19
Q

butorphanol

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • κ-opioid receptor AGONIST
  • μ-opioid receptor ANTAGONIST
  • used for nocturnal and intractible pruritis
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20
Q

gabapentin

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • anticonvulsant
  • used for neuropathic pruritis
  • causes drowsiness and weight gain
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21
Q

aprepitant

A
  • ANTI-ITCH
  • substance P antagonist
  • usually for nausea/vomiting from chemo, but helps intractible pruritis
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22
Q

brimonidine

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ROSACEA TREATMENT
  • α2-adrenergic agonist
  • vasoconstricts and removes red color from rosacea
  • topical gel
23
Q

tetrahydrozoline

Study These Flashcards
A
  • RED EYE TREATMENT
  • adrenergic agonist
  • vasoconstricts and removes red color
24
Q

malathion

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A
  • ANTI-PARASITE

- topical organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor

25
permethrin
- ANTI-PARASITE - topical agent binds to insect Na+ channels - blocks membrane depolarization
26
ivermectin
- ANTI-PARASITE | - oral agent, binds to Glutamate-gated Cl- channels in invertebrates
27
lindane
- ANTI-PARASITE - topical agent used only after other agents fail - disrupts GABAergic transmission in insects
28
tretioin
- ACNE TREATMENT - topical retinoid for acne vulgaris - can cause skin irritation and flaking
29
benzoyl peroxide
- ACNE TREATMENT - topical antimicrobial - causes local skin irritation - may bleach hair/clothes
30
clindamycin
- ACNE TREATMENT - topical antimicrobial - rare risk of pseudomembranous colitis
31
erythromycin
- ACNE TREATMENT | - topical antimicrobial
32
azaleic acid
- ACNE TREATMENT - also treats post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation - made from grains
33
tetracycline
- ACNE TREATMENT - oral antibiotic - DO NOT USE in pregnant women and young children because of teeth staining
34
oral contraceptives
- help as ACNE TREATMENT | - can increase thromboembolic events
35
spironolactone
- helps as ACNE TREATMENT - treats menstrual cycle related breakouts - do not use in pregnancy
36
isotretioin
- ACNE TREATMENT | - TERATOGEN
37
psoralen
- PSORIASIS TREATMENT | - photosensitizer that prepares patients for PUVA therapy
38
apremilast
- PSORIASIS TREATMENT - PDE4 inhibitor, increases cAMP and IL-10 - decreases NOS, TNF-α, IL-23 - given orally
39
TNFα blockers
-PSORIASIS TREATMENT
40
ustekinumab
- PSORIASIS TREATMENT - inhibits effects of IL-12 and IL-23, decreases activation of NK and T-cells - treatment for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Chron's disease - increases risk of infection
41
secukinumab
- PSORIASIS TREATMENT - inhibits IL-17A, decreased induction of other proinflammatory molecules - psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylosis - increases risk of infection
42
5-fluorouracil
- ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT - inhibits thymidylate synthetase (DNA synth) - causes skin to blister, necrose, and re-epithelize
43
imiquimod
- ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT | - topical cytokine inducer
44
ingenol mebutate
- ACTINIC KERATOSIS TREATMENT - 1 initial disruption of cell plasma membranes and mitochondria leading to cell necrosis - 2 neutrophil-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity that eliminates remaining tumor cells
45
vismodegib
- BCC/SCC treatment | - oral hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor
46
vemurafenib
- MELANOMA TREATMENT - MAP kinase pathway inhibitor - causes apoptosis
47
dacarbazine
- MELANOMA TREATMENT | - alkylating agent
48
minoxidil
- ALOPECIA TREATMENT | - vasodilation due to K+-channel opening
49
finasteride
- ALOPECIA TREATMENT - DHT inhibitor - can cause sexual dysfunction
50
emollient
- form oily layer on skin that traps moisture | - petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil and dimethicone
51
sunscreen
-chemicals that ABSORB UV light
52
sunshade
-chemicals that REFLECT UV light
53
salicylic acid
- COX inhibitor | - keratolytic, can dissolve the intercellular cement
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