Ringworm:
- Definition + types
- Risk factors
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- Complications
Ringworm:
- Definition + types: infection of dermatophytes (mainly trichophyton rubrum), yeast (candida),
- Risk factors: age, diab, psoriasis, nail trauma, athlete, communal areas
- Symptoms: itchy erythematous scale rash with centre being more faint, hair loss, onychomyocosis
- Investigations: scrapings
- Management: if nail <50% then amorolifine nail lacquer 6 mnths, if >50% oral terbinafine 6 months, antifungal creams (imidazole), ketoconazole shampoo
- Complications: tinea incognito when using steroids
Candidiasis:
- Definition
- Risk factors
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
Candidiasis:
- Definition: yeast candida albicans
- Risk factors: age, abx, humidity, diab, immunocomp
- Symptoms: well demarch circ border, satillite lesions, itching
- Investigations: swab mc+s
- Management: topicalmiconazole (nystatin if <4 months)
Molluscum contagiosum:
- Definition
- Symptoms
- Management
Molluscum contagiosum:
- Definition: poxvirdae molluscum contagiosum
- Symptoms: clusters of small papules with central dimple, often in flexures (not on palms/ soles!!)
- Management: nothing, 18 months, topical potassium hydroxide if immunocomp/eyelids, eczema can develop after
Herpes simplex virus:
- Definition
- Triggers
- Symptoms
- Investigations
- Management
- Complications
Chicken pox:
- Definition
- Symptoms
- Management
- Complications
Shingles:
- Definition
- Symptoms
- Management
- Complications
Shingles:
- Definition: varicella zoster virus 3 reactivation
- Symptoms: vesicular rash in dermatomal distribution 3 days after onset of pain (infections until vesicles crust over usually 7 days post), parasthesia
- Management: avoid immunocomp, cover lesions, paracet/nsaids, amitriptyline, valaciclovir if within 72 hours rash onset unless <50 + mild, streoids if pain not controlled by others or in immunocomp
- Complications: post herpetic neuralgia resolves in 6 months, ophthalmic branch of trigem nerve - herpes zoster ophthalmicus, ramsey hunt
Acne rosacea:
- Definition
- Symptoms
- Complications
- Management
Acne rosacea:
- Definition: facial rash common in middle aged people
- Symptoms: flushing, red rash + papules + pustules sparing perioral areas, telangiectasia
- Complications: blepharitis/conjunctivitis, rhinohpyma
- Management: avoid hot baths/spicy foods/alc/sunlight, if no pustules then just brimonidine gel as required. if not topical ivermectin 4-8 weeks, if not add on oral deoxy, refer secondary care for laser if telangiectasia or surgery rhinophyma
Seborrhoeic dermatitis:
- Definition
- In infant
- In adult
- complications
Seborrhoeic dermatitis:
- Definition: inflammatory reaction due to fungus malassezia furfur
- In infant: known as cradle cap. Use emollients, if persistent then topical imidazole
- In adult: red regions with greasy scale especially in scalp/periorbital/auricular/nasolabial. If on scalp need ketoconazole, if on body same + topical steroids
- complications: otitis externa, blepharitis
Pityriasis rosea:
- Definition
- Symptoms
- Management
Pityriasis rosea:
- Definition: rash most likely due to herpes virus 6/7
- Symptoms: prodromal illness sometimes, headache, tired, flu, then herald patch 1-2 weeks later (red scale oval shaped) then becomes widespread christmas tree usually on trunk
- Management: no treatment, resolves in 3 months, emollients
Dermatitis herpetiformis:
- definition
- symptoms
- ix
- mx
Dermatitis herpetiformis:
- definition: autoimmune blistering skin disorder associated with coaelic
- symptoms: itchy vesicular rash on extensors
- ix: skin biopsy: igA deposition in a granular pattern in the upper dermis
- mx: gluten free diet, dapsone
Lichen planus:
- definition
- symptoms
- causes
- mx
Lichen planus:
- definition: unknown cause
- symptoms: itchy papular rash most commonly on palms/soles/genital/flexors, white lines (wickhams striae), koebner phenomenon (new skin lesions appearing at the site of trauma), white lace pattern on buccal mucosa, thinning + ridging of nails
- causes: gold, quinine, thiazides
- mx: steroids betamethasone valerate, if oral benzydamine
Pyoderma gangrenosum:
- definition
- causes
- symptoms
- mx
Pyoderma gangrenosum:
- definition: painful skin ulceration due to neutrophils
- causes: idiopathic, ibd, ra/sle, leuks/lymphs, pbc,
- symptoms: minor injury then turns to small pustule or bliser when then results in ulcer, fever, myalgia
- mx : oral steroids
Acanthosis nigricans causes
t2dm
gi cancer
obesity
pcos
acromegaly
cushings
Contact dermatitis:
- definition
- symptoms
- mx
Contact dermatitis:
- definition: inflammation of skin via irritant or allergic (type 4 hypersens)
- symptoms: erythema, blisters
- mx: avoid, emollients, steroids
Vitiligo:
- definition
- assoc conditions
- symptoms
- mx
Vitiligo:
- definition: autoimmune condition where loss melanocytes cause depig skin
- assoc conditions: t1dm, addisons, thyroid, pernicious anaemia, alopecia
- symptoms: well demarc depig patches especially on peripheries
- mx: sunblock, steroids if early, tacrolimus
