SKIN CONDITIONS > DERMATITIS > Flashcards

DERMATITIS Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

What causes atopic dermatitis (eczema)?

A

Genetic predisposition, skin barrier dysfunction, environmental factors, and immune system dysfunction.

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2
Q

What causes contact dermatitis?

A

Exposure to an external irritant or allergen.

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3
Q

What symptoms can dermatitis present with?

A

Dryness, stinging, burning, chapping, scaling, skin thickening, blisters.

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4
Q

What causes seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Inflammation in areas rich in sebaceous glands.

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5
Q

What are the characteristic features of seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Erythematous patches with greasy yellowish scales.

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6
Q

Which areas are commonly affected in seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Scalp, nasolabial folds, eyebrows, chest.

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7
Q

What are the typical features of atopic eczema?

A

Itchy, red, dry skin that can weep, blister, crust, scale, and thicken.

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8
Q

Which body areas are most affected by eczema?

A

Elbows, knees, and hands.

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9
Q

What is the mainstay treatment for mild eczema?

A

Emollients used frequently and generously.

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10
Q

What topical steroid is used in mild eczema?

A

Hydrocortisone 1% (can be used on the face).

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11
Q

What moderate-strength topical steroids can be used?

A

Betamethasone valerate 0.025% or clobetasone butyrate 0.05%.

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12
Q

Which steroid is still used for the face in moderate eczema?

A

Hydrocortisone 1%.

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13
Q

What are the second-line topical treatments for moderate eczema?

A

Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus or pimecrolimus.

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14
Q

Which potent topical steroid may be used in severe eczema?

A

Betamethasone 0.1%.

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15
Q

What should be used on the face in severe eczema?

A

Betamethasone valerate 0.025% or clobetasone butyrate 0.05%.

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16
Q

What oral steroid can be used in severe flares?

A

Prednisolone 30 mg once daily for 1 week.

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17
Q

When are antihistamines used in eczema?

A

Severe itch or urticaria.

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18
Q

What is first-line treatment for infected eczema?

A

Flucloxacillin.

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19
Q

What is the alternative if allergic to penicillin?

A

Clarithromycin.

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20
Q

What is the key difference between contact and atopic dermatitis?

A

Contact dermatitis affects the specific area of contact.

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21
Q

What is the most important step in managing contact dermatitis?

A

Identify and avoid the triggering stimulus.

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22
Q

What supportive treatment is used in contact dermatitis?

A

Emollients used frequently and generously.

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23
Q

How are topical corticosteroids chosen in contact dermatitis?

A

Strength depends on severity.

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24
Q

What antibiotic is used for infected contact dermatitis?

A

Flucloxacillin.

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25
How does seborrhoeic dermatitis appear?
Erythematous patches with greasy yellowish scales.
26
What is seborrhoeic dermatitis called in infants on the scalp?
Cradle cap.
27
What is seborrhoeic dermatitis called in adults on the scalp?
Dandruff.
28
How is cradle cap managed initially?
Massage emollient onto scalp and gently remove scales with a brush.
29
Which topical imidazoles can be used in infants?
Clotrimazole 1% or miconazole 2% twice daily for up to 4 weeks.
30
What can be used if antifungals fail?
Mild topical corticosteroid (hydrocortisone 1%) for up to 2 weeks.
31
What is first-line treatment for scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Ketoconazole 2% shampoo twice weekly for up to 4 weeks.
32
How long should ketoconazole shampoo be left on?
5 minutes before rinsing.
33
What are alternatives if ketoconazole doesn't work?
Zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or salicylic acid.
34
What topical steroids are used in severe cases?
Betamethasone or mometasone 0.1%.
35
Important care in infants with seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Frequent nappy checks and use of barrier emollients.
36
Which topical antifungals are used?
Clotrimazole 1% / miconazole 2% twice daily up to 4 weeks.
37
What is used in persistent cases?
Mild topical corticosteroid for 2 weeks.
38
What antifungals can be used on face/body?
Ketoconazole 2%, clotrimazole 1%, or miconazole 2%.
39
How often are these applied?
1–2 times daily for up to 4 weeks.
40
How can ketoconazole shampoo be used on the body?
As a bodywash.
41
What treats flares?
Mild topical corticosteroid for 2 weeks.
42
When are creams/lotions preferred?
For red, inflamed skin—evaporation cools skin.
43
When are ointments preferred?
For dry, non-inflamed skin—more effective moisturisers.
44
Which emollient should be avoided due to reactions?
Aqueous cream.
45
What MHRA warning is associated with emollients?
They soak into fabrics and act as accelerants for fires.
46
What safety advice must be given with emollients?
Avoid naked flames or smoking.
47
What MHRA warning is associated with Epimax ointment?
Risk of ocular surface toxicity and chemical eye injury.
48
What is the prescribing restriction for Epimax?
Do not use on the face; wash hands after use and avoid touching eyes.
49
What are the four potency categories of topical steroids?
Mild, moderate, potent, very potent.
50
Give examples for each potency:
Mild: Hydrocortisone Moderate: Clobetasone Potent: Betamethasone Very potent: Clobetasol
51
What is a key risk of prolonged steroid use?
Skin thinning.
52
Can topical steroids be applied to broken skin?
No.
53
What is a fingertip unit?
Amount covering an adult fingertip; treats an area twice the size of a hand.
54
55
What causes atopic dermatitis (eczema)?
Genetic predisposition, skin barrier dysfunction, environmental factors, and immune system dysfunction.
56
What causes contact dermatitis?
What causes contact dermatitis?
57
What symptoms can dermatitis present with?
Dryness, stinging, burning, chapping, scaling, skin thickening, blisters.
58
What causes seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Inflammation in areas rich in sebaceous glands.
59
What are the characteristic features of seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Erythematous patches with greasy yellowish scales.
60
Which areas are commonly affected in seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Scalp, nasolabial folds, eyebrows, chest.
61
What are the typical features of atopic eczema?
Itchy, red, dry skin that can weep, blister, crust, scale, and thicken.
62
Which body areas are most affected by eczema?
Elbows, knees, and hands.
63
What is the mainstay treatment for mild eczema?
Emollients used frequently and generously.
64
What topical steroid is used in mild eczema?
Hydrocortisone 1% (can be used on the face).
65
What moderate-strength topical steroids can be used?
Betamethasone valerate 0.025% or clobetasone butyrate 0.05%.
66
Which steroid is still used for the face in moderate eczema?
Hydrocortisone 1%.
67
What are the second-line topical treatments for moderate eczema?
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: tacrolimus or pimecrolimus.
68
Which potent topical steroid may be used in severe eczema?
69
What should be used on the face in severe eczema?
Betamethasone valerate 0.025% or clobetasone butyrate 0.05%.
70
What oral steroid can be used in severe flares?
Prednisolone 30 mg once daily for 1 week.
71
When are antihistamines used in eczema?
Severe itch or urticaria.
72
What is first-line treatment for infected eczema?
Flucloxacillin.
73
What is the alternative if allergic to penicillin?
Clarithromycin.
74
What is the key difference between contact and atopic dermatitis?
Contact dermatitis affects the specific area of contact.
75
What is the most important step in managing contact dermatitis?
Identify and avoid the triggering stimulus.
76
What supportive treatment is used in contact dermatitis?
Emollients used frequently and generously.
77
How are topical corticosteroids chosen in contact dermatitis?
Strength depends on severity.
78
What antibiotic is used for infected contact dermatitis?
Flucloxacillin.
79
How does seborrhoeic dermatitis appear?
Erythematous patches with greasy yellowish scales.
80
What is seborrhoeic dermatitis called in infants on the scalp?
Cradle cap.
81
What is seborrhoeic dermatitis called in adults on the scalp?
Dandruff.
82
How is cradle cap managed initially?
Massage emollient onto scalp and gently remove scales with a brush.
83
Which topical imidazoles can be used in infants?
Clotrimazole 1% or miconazole 2% twice daily for up to 4 weeks.
84
What can be used if antifungals fail?
Mild topical corticosteroid (hydrocortisone 1%) for up to 2 weeks.
85
What is first-line treatment for scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Ketoconazole 2% shampoo twice weekly for up to 4 weeks.
86
How long should ketoconazole shampoo be left on?
5 minutes before rinsing.
87
What are alternatives if ketoconazole doesn't work?
Zinc pyrithione, coal tar, or salicylic acid.
88
What topical steroids are used in severe cases?
Betamethasone or mometasone 0.1%.
89
Important care in infants with seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Frequent nappy checks and use of barrier emollients.
90
Which topical antifungals are used?
Clotrimazole 1% / miconazole 2% twice daily up to 4 weeks.
91
What is used in persistent cases?
Mild topical corticosteroid for 2 weeks.
92
What antifungals can be used on face/body?
Ketoconazole 2%, clotrimazole 1%, or miconazole 2%.
93
How often are these applied?
1–2 times daily for up to 4 weeks.
94
How can ketoconazole shampoo be used on the body?
As a bodywash.
95
What treats flares?
Mild topical corticosteroid for 2 weeks.
96
When are creams/lotions preferred?
For red, inflamed skin—evaporation cools skin.
97
When are ointments preferred?
For dry, non-inflamed skin—more effective moisturisers.
98
Which emollient should be avoided due to reactions?
Aqueous cream.
99
What MHRA warning is associated with emollients?
They soak into fabrics and act as accelerants for fires.
100
What safety advice must be given with emollients?
Avoid naked flames or smoking.
101
What MHRA warning is associated with Epimax ointment?
Risk of ocular surface toxicity and chemical eye injury.
102
What is the prescribing restriction for Epimax?
Do not use on the face; wash hands after use and avoid touching eyes.
103
What are the four potency categories of topical steroids?
Mild, moderate, potent, very potent.
104
Give examples for each potency:
Mild: Hydrocortisone Moderate: Clobetasone Potent: Betamethasone Very potent: Clobetasol
105
What is a key risk of prolonged steroid use?
Skin thinning.
106
Can topical steroids be applied to broken skin?
No.
107
What is a fingertip unit?
Amount covering an adult fingertip; treats an area twice the size of a hand.
108
How long after emollients should steroids be applied?
15–30 minutes.
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