Dermatology I

Question 1

Define macule

Answer 1

Localised area of colour or textural change

in skin

Question 2

Define Papule

Answer 2

Small solid elevation of skin less than 5 mm in diameter

Question 3

Define Nodule

Answer 3

Small solid elevation of skin greater than 5 mm in diameter

Question 4

List some diseases that may be suggested by finger clubbing

Answer 4

• Crohns disease
• Lung cancer
• Graves’ disease
• Endocarditis
• TB

Question 5

What are some conditions linked with nail pitting (5)

Answer 5

• Psoriasis
• Lichen planus
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Incontinentia pigmenti
• Alopecia areata

Question 6

Name some nail abnormalities that may indicate systemic diseases (7)

Answer 6

• Finger clubbing
• Nail pitting
• Koilonychia
• Beau’s lines
• Splinter haemorrhages
• Herpetic whitlow
• Paronychia

Question 7

Name some causes of Beau’s lines (3)

Answer 7

• Raynaud’s phenomenon
• Pemphigus vulgaris
• Trauma

Question 8

Name some causes of Splinter haemorrhages (4)

Answer 8

• Trauma
• Infective endocarditis
• Peptic ulcers
• Malignancy

Question 9

What is the underlying cause of finger clubbing?

Answer 9

Obstruction of finger capillaries by megakaryocytes

Question 10

What is herpetic whitlow?

Answer 10

Swelling, reddening and tenderness of the skin of infected finger due to HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS

Question 11

What conditions are herpetic whitlow linked with? (2)

Answer 11

• Pyrexia

- Lymphadenopathy

Question 12

What is Paronychia?

Answer 12

Localised superficial irritation of epidermis bordering nails

Question 13

List some malignant skin tumours (4)

Answer 13

• Basal cell carcinoma
• Squamous cell carcinoma
• Malignant melanoma
• Cutaneous lymphoma

Question 14

What are some predisposing factors of BCC/SCC (6)

Answer 14

• UV radiation
• Skin type I or II(freckles)
• Burns
• Immunosuppression
• Tar
• Arsenic

Question 15

What BCCs are more common, nodular or superficial?

Answer 15

Nodular BCC

Question 16

Describe the growth of most BCCs

Answer 16

Grow slowly and are nonaggressive

Question 17

What type of tumour are SCCs?

Answer 17

Malignant tumour of keratinocytes

Question 18

Where do SCCs normally arise?

Answer 18

Usually arises in areas of damaged skin

Question 19

What are malignant melanomas?

Answer 19

Malignant tumour of melanocytes which usually arises in the epidermis

Question 20

Which gender is more affected by malignant melanomas?

Answer 20

Females

Question 21

Common areas of malignant melanomas for males and females?

Answer 21

• Female = Lower leg

- Male = Back

Question 22

What changes in lesions may suggest diagnosis of malignant melanomas? (6)

Answer 22

• Increase in size
• Irregular outline
• Colour variation
• Erythema at edge
• Itching
• Crusting, oozing or bleeding

Question 23

What are some predisposing factors of malignant melanomas? (4)

Answer 23

• UV radiation
• Skin type I or II
• Pre-existing melanocytes lesions
• Family history

Question 24

What is psoriasis?

Answer 24

• A chronic non-infectious, relapsing inflammatory condition

- Increased numbers of cycling epidermal cells

Question 25

What are some presentation patterns of psoriasis? (4)

Answer 25

- Plaque - Guttate - Flexural - Pus

Question 26

What are some causes of psoriasis? (6)

Answer 26

- Koebner phenomenon (follows trauma) - Infection - Drugs (beta blockers) - Stress - Alcohol - Sunlight

Question 27

Describe the appearance of psoriasis

Answer 27

- Well-defined disc shaped plaques | - Plaques usually red and covered by white scales

Question 28

What are some treatments for psoriasis? (5)

Answer 28

- Coal tar - Corticosteroids - Retinoids - Vitamin D - Biological therapy

Question 29

What are some dental aspects of psoriasis? (3)

Answer 29

- Can cause geographic tongue - Some treatment drugs can cause gingival hyperplasia and oral ulceration - Can cause destructive TMJ disease

Question 30

What does atopic eczema normally affect?

Answer 30

Classically affects face and knee and elbow flexures

Question 31

How does atopic eczema have a long life?

Answer 31

Itch scratch cycle

Question 32

Atopy is the inherited tendency to develop what condition? (5)

Answer 32

- Eczema - Asthma - Hayfever - Urticaria - Dermographism

Question 33

What is Seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Answer 33

Associated with yeast Pityrosporum ovale

Question 34

How may you treat eczema? (3)

Answer 34

- Emollients and soap substitutes - Topical corticosteroids | - Immunosuppressants

Question 35

What is the difference between eczema and dermatitis?

Answer 35

Eczema and dermatitis are interchangeable

Question 36

What are some dental aspects of eczema (4)

Answer 36

- Association with atopy - Perioral dermatitis - Exfoliative cheilitis - Oral allergy syndrome