Dermatology Reverse Flashcards by Mike Hurley

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Skin

Pearly nodule

May have central ulceration

Blood vessels across surface

Nodular BCC

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Skin

Younger, upper trunk, shoulders
Slightly scaly, irregular plaque
Multiple microerosions

Superficial BCC

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Skin

Flat or thickened papule or plaque
white/yellow, scaly, warty or horny surface
skin colour, red or pigmented
tender or asymptomatic

Actinic keratosis (Also: solar keratosis)

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Skin

Diffuse or patchy dryness and variable
thickening of lower lip

Actinic cheilitis

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Skin

Most common in men >50
Sometimes follows sweating, heat stress

Frequently itchy, may be asymptomatic
Red crusted papules on central back/mid-chest

Grover disease (Transient acantholytic dermatosis/sweat rash)

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Skin

Uncommon skin cancer characterised by a chronic
eczema-like rash of the nipple and
adjacent areolar skin.
Associated with underlying breast cancer

Intramammary Paget disease (also called Paget disease of the nipple)

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Skin

Uncommon skin cancer characterised by
chronic eczema-like rash of anogenital regions of
men and women most commonly occurs in the vulva
of women aged between 50-60 years
mild to intense itching

Extramammary Paget disease

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Skin

Tender lump in cartilaginous portion of ear

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (Winkler disease)

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Skin

Itch due to another condition results in repetitive scratching and rubbing

Lichen simplex chronicus

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Skin

Crazy-paving appearance

Diamond-shaped plates of skin are separated from each other by red bands forming a network.

Asteatotic eczema (‘lack of oil’)

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Skin

A form of hand/foot eczema characterised by vesicles or bullae (blisters). 
In many cases it appears to be related to sweating, as flares often occur during hot weather, humid conditions, or following emotional upset. 
Can cause intense itch/burning/nail pitting and ridges. 
Address hyperhydrosis (absorbent socks, antiperspirants), c/s

Pompholyx

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Skin

Focal peeling of the palms and less often the soles.

Exfoliative keratolysis/keratolysis exfoliativa

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Skin

Very itchy firm lumps

Nodular prurigo/Prurigo nodularis

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Skin

Outer aspect of both upper arms.

Also occur on the thighs, buttocks, cheeks, and less often on the forearms and upper back

Not itchy

Keratosis pilaris

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Skin

It often presents following sun exposure,
Lesions 0.5 – 5cm can be scaly

Pityriasis alba

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Skin

Red dry skin all over the body.
Occurs in setting of worsening or unstable psoriasis.

Erythrodermic psoriasis. (1/3 of erythroderma)

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Skin

Characterised by an initial single larger patch followed by similar, smaller oval red patches that are located
Mainly on the chest and back

Pityriasis rosea

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Skin

Symptoms can range from none (uncommon) to intense itch

Papules and polygonal plaques are shiny, flat-topped and firm on palpation

Most often front of the wrists, lower back, and ankles.

New papules and plaques often have a purple or violet hue

Plaques are crossed by fine white lines
called ………… striae.

Lichen planus

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Skin

Genital & perianal areas.
White crinkled or thickened patches of skin that have a tendency to scar

Can be extremely itchy and/or sore

The clitoris may be buried (phimosis).

The labia minora resorb/shrink.

The entrance to the vagina tightens

Lichen sclerosis

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Skin

Characterised by pustules and honey-
coloured crusted erosions

Impetigo

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Skin

Trunk, neck, and/or arms. The patches may be coppery brown, paler than surrounding skin, or pink.

Pityriasis versicolor (also tinea versicolor)

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Skin

Most often on scalp (tinea capitis)

Kerion

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Skin

Affects apocrine gland-bearing skin in the axillae, in the groin, and under the breasts.
It is characterised by recurrent boil-like nodules and abscesses that culminate in pus-like discharge, difficult-to-heal open wounds (sinuses) and scarring

Hidradenitis suppurativa

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# Skin Red lumps on shins, around knees or ankles, ranging in size from cherry to grapefruit. Hot & painful. May be associated with a number of causes incl: throat infections, sarcoidosis, TB, pregnancy, OCP, NSAIDs & inflammatory bowel disease

Erythema nodosum

# Skin Often preceded by URTI. Tetrad of signs: rash, arthritis, abdo pain, kidney impairment. Red spots or bumps become palpable purpura - buttocks, lower legs, elbows, knees

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

# Skin Humans can be infected with the larvae by walking barefoot on sandy beaches or contacting moist soft soil that have been contaminated with animal faeces Larvae migrate under the skin's surface and cause itchy red lines or tracks

Cutaneous larva migrans

# Skin People \>50yrs, rarer in younger people Severe itch & large bullae

Bullous pemphigoid

# Skin Symmetrically distributed lesions most commonly on scalp, shoulders, buttocks, elbows and knees. Extremely itchy papules and vesicles on normal or reddened skin May be associated gastrointestinal symptoms

Dermatitis herpetiformis

# Skin Occurs in Northern Europeans holidaying in the Mediterranean The arms, the back of the hands, the V of the neck, the chest and lower legs/feet may be affected, but the face is usually spared Crops of 2–5 mm pink or red papules Persists for several days, and often longer if the affected skin is exposed to more sunlight Burning sensation or itch

Polymorphous light eruption

# Skin temporary hair loss due to shedding of resting hair after some shock to the system (illness, surgery, weight loss..)

Telogen effluvium

# Skin Arises from degeneration in the connective tissue on the top of the last segment of the finger

Digital myxoid pseudocyst

# Skin Often begins on the face and spreads to affect the trunk and limbs. Otherwise well infant

Toxic erythema of the newborn (erythema toxicum neonatorum)

# Skin Hamartomas in many organs, but particularly the skin, brain, eye, kidney and heart. Skin lesions, epileptic seizures and developmental delay/behavioural problems are the main features of this condition

Tuberous sclerosis

# Skin A rapidly enlarging, very painful ulcer Associations with rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, leukaemia and monoclonal gammopathy

Pyoderma gangrenosum

# Skin Itchy and/or tender red or purple bumps that occur as a reaction to cold.

Chillblains

# Skin Occurs in sheep farmers, shearers, butchers Small, firm, red or reddish-blue lump enlarges to form a flat-topped, blood-tinged pustule or blister. 2cm -5cm diameter Often tender Generally solitary or few in number. Most commonly on the fingers, hands or forearms but can appear on the face

Orf

# Skin Dairy farmers or vets who examine the mouths of animals Small, red, raised, flat-topped spots develop. Within a week they appear as red-blue, firm, slightly tender blisters or nodules (lumps), usually between 2 and 5 in number Usually on the hands, particularly the fingers, but occasionally the face The top of the nodules often develops a greyish skin and a small crust

Milker's nodule

# Skin A shower of red, scaly tear drops on the trunk and upper arms and thighs. The rash comes on very quickly, usually within a couple of days, and may follow a streptococcal infection of the throat

Guttate psoriasis

# Skin Erupts in sun damaged skin, solid core filled with keratin.

Keratoacanthoma

# Skin There are several ways it can spread. Direct skin-to-skin contact Indirect contact via shared towels or other items Auto-inoculation into another site by scratching or shaving Sexual transmission in adults The papules may persist for up to 2 years or longer. In children, about half of cases have cleared by 12 months, and two-thirds by 18 months, with or without treatment.

Molluscum contagiosum

# Skin Benign fibrous nodule that most often arises on the skin of the lower legs.

Dermatofibroma (cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma)

# Skin Groups of itchy or tender small red papules around eyes, nostrils, mouth. Mainly adult women, often using inhaled or topical c/s, can also be induced by cosmetic creams, sunscreen, OCP.

Periorificial dermatitis

# Skin Itchy reaction to material, arises hours after contact eg Nickel, preservatives, rubber, dye, adhesives. Affected skin may be red and itchy, swollen and blistered, or dry and bumpy Confined to the site of contact

Allergic contact dermatitis

# Skin Due to irritants - water, saliva (children), soaps, detergents, solvents, acids, alkalis, and friction Most often affecting cleaners, hairdressers and food handlers. Well demarcated red patch with a glazed surface, but there may be swelling, blistering and scaling of the damaged area

Irritant contact dermatitis

# Skin Itchy red papules progressing to vesicles on the stomach, back and face, and then spreading to other parts of the body. Blisters can also arise inside the mouth Pruritic Additional symptoms such as high fever, headache, cold-like symptoms, vomiting and diarrhoea

Chickenpox

# Skin Affects scalp, face (creases around the nose, behind ears, within eyebrows) and upper trunk. Salmon-pink, thin, scaly, and ill defined plaques in skin fold on both sides of the face. Petal or ring shaped flaky patches on hair line and on anterior chest. Associated blepharitis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

# Skin Chronic facial rash usually affecting 30-60yo. Red papules and sometimes pustules on the nose, forehead, cheeks and chin Symptoms include frequent flushing, red face due to redness and telangiectasia aggravated by sun, alcohol, hot or spicy food, Worse with corticosteroids Associated blepharitis

Rosacea

# Skin Mild fever and headache at first then rash a few days later with firm red cheeks (feel burning hot) - lasts 2 to 4 days, followed by a pink lace-like rash on the limbs and sometimes the trunk Rash can persist for up to six weeks at least intermittently

Erythema infectiosum

# Skin Children 6 months - 3 years High fever lasting for 3-5 days, sore throat runny nose, cough, irritability and tiredness As the fever subsides a rash (exanthem) may appear on the face and body Small rose-pink or red raised spots (2–5 mm in diameter) that blanch Mainly affects trunk and rarely spreads to involve neck, face, arms and legs May fade within a few hours or persist for as long as 2 days

Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum)

# Skin Slight fever, sore throat, runny nose and malaise (may occur prior to appearance of rash) Characterised by rash, retroauricular, occipital and posterior cervical lymph nodes and fever Rash Begins on the face and spreads to the neck, trunk and extremities Pink or light red spots about 2–3 mm in size. Lasts up to 5 days (average is 3 days). May or may not be itchy

Rubella

# Skin Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis. Koplik spots on oral mucosa. A red blotchy non itchy rash appears on the face and behind on the ears by the third day of the illness, spreads to the trunk, and becomes more generalised over the next few days.

Measles

# Skin Mild fever, sore throat and loss of appetite. Malaise, swollen lymph glands, and mild diarrhoea may be present. Lesions on the dorsal and palmar surfaces of the hands and feet. Small vesicles and ulcers in and around the mouth, palate, and pharynx - painful Red macules and papules

Hand foot and mouth disease

# Skin triggered by viral infections (usu HSV - cold sores), also M.pneumoniae. Typical target lesions. The lesions are first seen on the backs of hands and/or tops of feet, and then spread along the limbs towards the trunk. Dark red centre, pale pink ring (oedema), outermost bright red ring. Typical lesions may be few in number. Kobner phenomenon.

Erythema multiforme

# Skin Flu-like prodrome followed by abrupt onset of a tender/painful red skin rash. Blisters then merge to form sheets of skin detachment, exposing red, oozing dermis. Nikolsky sign. Mucosal involvement is prominent and severe.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

# Skin Young children (neonates), usu \<5yo. starts with fever, irritability and widespread redness of the skin. Within 24-48 hours fluid-filled blisters form. These rupture easily, leaving an area that looks like a burn or scald Nikolsky sign (gentle strokes result in exfoliation)

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

# Skin blotchy, brownish facial pigmentation. RF: Sun exposure, pregnancy, hormone treatments, medications, hypothyroidism

Melasma/Chloasma

# Skin May be associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, HIV, lymphoma Usually affects the fingers or the backs of both hands, but is also common on top of the foot or ankle, and over one or both elbows. Centre of each ring is often a little depressed Plaques tend to slowly change shape, size and position

Granuloma Annulare

# Skin Can affect insulin dependent diabetics, although it may occur in non-diabetic subjects as well. One or more tender yellowish brown patches develop slowly on the lower legs over several months Centre of the patch becomes shiny, pale, thinned, with telangiectasia

Necrobiosis lipoidica

Blue naevus

Halo naevus

# Skin It affects people who have recently had a sore throat (strep throat) or school sores (impetigo). Sudden fever associated with sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy, headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, swollen and red tongue, abdominal pain, body aches, and malaise. Characteristic rash appears 12–48 hours after the start of the fever. The rash usually starts below the ears, neck, chest, armpits and groin before spreading to the rest of the body over 24 hours Rash looks like sunburn with goose pimples with rough sandpaper-like feel. Pastia lines (ruptured capillaries in body folds) Peeling occurs as rash fades

Scarlet fever

# Skin A complication of scarlet fever. ARF generally develops several weeks after an episode of streptococcal pharyngitis; sometimes after impetigo. Fever Arthralgia Raised ESR \> 30 or CRP \> 30 ECG prolonged PR interval migratory polyarthritis (knees ankles, elbows and wrists) carditis, Sydenham chorea Annular erythema subcutaneous nodules (uncommon)

Rheumatic fever

# Skin Shiny red mass with a raspberry-like or raw minced meat appearance Rapidly increase in sizeover a period of a few days to weeks to anywhere between 2mm and 2cm in diameter

Pyogenic granuloma

# Skin Pearly nodule May have central ulceration Blood vessels across surface

Nodular BCC

# Skin Younger, upper trunk, shoulders Slightly scaly, irregular plaque Multiple microerosions

Superficial BCC

# Skin Flat or thickened papule or plaque white/yellow, scaly, warty or horny surface skin colour, red or pigmented tender or asymptomatic

Actinic keratosis (Also: solar keratosis)

# Skin Diffuse or patchy dryness and variable thickening of lower lip

Actinic cheilitis

# Skin Most common in men \>50 Sometimes follows sweating, heat stress Frequently itchy, may be asymptomatic Red crusted papules on central back/mid-chest

Grover disease (Transient acantholytic dermatosis/sweat rash)

# Skin Uncommon skin cancer characterised by a chronic eczema-like rash of the nipple and adjacent areolar skin. Associated with underlying breast cancer

Intramammary Paget disease (also called Paget disease of the nipple)

# Skin Uncommon skin cancer characterised by chronic eczema-like rash of anogenital regions of men and women most commonly occurs in the vulva of women aged between 50-60 years mild to intense itching

Extramammary Paget disease

# Skin Tender lump in cartilaginous portion of ear

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (Winkler disease)

# Skin Itch due to another condition results in repetitive scratching and rubbing

Lichen simplex chronicus

# Skin Crazy-paving appearance Diamond-shaped plates of skin are separated from each other by red bands forming a network.

Asteatotic eczema ('lack of oil')

# Skin ``` A form of hand/foot eczema characterised by vesicles or bullae (blisters). In many cases it appears to be related to sweating, as flares often occur during hot weather, humid conditions, or following emotional upset. Can cause intense itch/burning/nail pitting and ridges. Address hyperhydrosis (absorbent socks, antiperspirants), c/s ```

Pompholyx

# Skin Focal peeling of the palms and less often the soles.

Exfoliative keratolysis/keratolysis exfoliativa

# Skin Very itchy firm lumps

Nodular prurigo/Prurigo nodularis

# Skin Outer aspect of both upper arms. Also occur on the thighs, buttocks, cheeks, and less often on the forearms and upper back Not itchy

Keratosis pilaris

# Skin It often presents following sun exposure, Lesions 0.5 – 5cm can be scaly

Pityriasis alba

# Skin Red dry skin all over the body. Occurs in setting of worsening or unstable psoriasis.

Erythrodermic psoriasis. (1/3 of erythroderma)

# Skin Characterised by an initial single larger patch followed by similar, smaller oval red patches that are located Mainly on the chest and back

Pityriasis rosea

# Skin Symptoms can range from none (uncommon) to intense itch Papules and polygonal plaques are shiny, flat-topped and firm on palpation Most often front of the wrists, lower back, and ankles. New papules and plaques often have a purple or violet hue Plaques are crossed by fine white lines called ………… striae.

Lichen planus

# Skin Genital & perianal areas. White crinkled or thickened patches of skin that have a tendency to scar Can be extremely itchy and/or sore The clitoris may be buried (phimosis). The labia minora resorb/shrink. The entrance to the vagina tightens

Lichen sclerosis

# Skin Characterised by pustules and honey- coloured crusted erosions

Impetigo

# Skin Trunk, neck, and/or arms. The patches may be coppery brown, paler than surrounding skin, or pink.

Pityriasis versicolor (also tinea versicolor)

# Skin Most often on scalp (tinea capitis)

Kerion

# Skin Affects apocrine gland-bearing skin in the axillae, in the groin, and under the breasts. It is characterised by recurrent boil-like nodules and abscesses that culminate in pus-like discharge, difficult-to-heal open wounds (sinuses) and scarring

Hidradenitis suppurativa

Erythema nodosum

# Skin Often preceded by URTI. Tetrad of signs: rash, arthritis, abdo pain, kidney impairment. Red spots or bumps become palpable purpura - buttocks, lower legs, elbows, knees

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Cutaneous larva migrans

# Skin People \>50yrs, rarer in younger people Severe itch & large bullae

Bullous pemphigoid

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Polymorphous light eruption

# Skin temporary hair loss due to shedding of resting hair after some shock to the system (illness, surgery, weight loss..)

Telogen effluvium

# Skin Arises from degeneration in the connective tissue on the top of the last segment of the finger

Digital myxoid pseudocyst

# Skin Often begins on the face and spreads to affect the trunk and limbs. Otherwise well infant

Toxic erythema of the newborn (erythema toxicum neonatorum)

Tuberous sclerosis

# Skin A rapidly enlarging, very painful ulcer Associations with rheumatoid arthritis, IBD, leukaemia and monoclonal gammopathy

Pyoderma gangrenosum

# Skin Itchy and/or tender red or purple bumps that occur as a reaction to cold.

Chillblains

Orf

Milker's nodule

Guttate psoriasis

# Skin Erupts in sun damaged skin, solid core filled with keratin.

Keratoacanthoma

Molluscum contagiosum

# Skin Benign fibrous nodule that most often arises on the skin of the lower legs.

Dermatofibroma (cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma)

# Skin Groups of itchy or tender small red papules around eyes, nostrils, mouth. Mainly adult women, often using inhaled or topical c/s, can also be induced by cosmetic creams, sunscreen, OCP.

Periorificial dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis

Irritant contact dermatitis

Chickenpox

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Rosacea

Erythema infectiosum

Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum)

Rubella

Measles

Hand foot and mouth disease

Erythema multiforme

Stevens-Johnson syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome

# Skin blotchy, brownish facial pigmentation. RF: Sun exposure, pregnancy, hormone treatments, medications, hypothyroidism

Melasma/Chloasma

Granuloma Annulare

Necrobiosis lipoidica

Blue naevus

Halo naevus

Scarlet fever

Rheumatic fever

# Skin Shiny red mass with a raspberry-like or raw minced meat appearance Rapidly increase in sizeover a period of a few days to weeks to anywhere between 2mm and 2cm in diameter

Pyogenic granuloma

Dermatology Reverse Flashcards

(127 cards)