Designing Samples

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

the entire group of information that we want information about

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

a subset of individuals in the population that we want information about from which we actually collect data

Question 3

Census

Answer 3

collects data from every individual in the population

Question 4

Sampling

Answer 4

studying a part (a sample) in order to gain information about the whole

Question 5

Voluntary Response Sample

Answer 5

people who choose themselves by responding to a general appeal

Question 6

Bias

Answer 6

consistently underestimating or overestimating a value that you want to know

Question 7

Convenience Sample

Answer 7

choosing individuals from the population who are easy to reach

Question 8

Simple Random Sample

Answer 8

a sample of size n chosen in such a way that every group of n individuals in the population has an equal chance to be selected as the sample

Question 9

Stratified Random Sample

Answer 9

a sample chosen from a population that has been grouped on a variable that will affect what you are trying to study, i.e. 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th grades, etc. Individuals are then chosen from each strata.
Takes some from all

Question 10

Cluster Random Sample

Answer 10

a sample chosen from a population that has been divided into groups of individuals that are located near each other and entire cluster(s) are chosen for the sample.
Takes all from some

Question 11

Statistical inference

Answer 11

produces answers to specific questions along with a statement of how confident we can be that the answer is correct

Question 12

Systematic Random Sample

Answer 12

a sample chosen by choosing every nth subject in a systematic way

Question 13

Undercoverage

Answer 13

occurs when some members of the population cannot be chosen for the sample

Question 14

Nonresponse bias

Answer 14

occurs when an individual chosen for the sample can’t be contacted or refuses to participate

Question 15

Response bias

Answer 15

people lie to make the questioner feel better or to feel better about themselves

Question 16

Poor Wording of Question bias

Answer 16

slanted questions designed to elicit some response

Question 17

Confounding

Answer 17

In an experiment, a variable that might effect the response variable and will make it difficult to determine whether or not the explanatory variable is responsible for the results of the response variable.

Question 18

Extraneous Variables

Answer 18

extra variables that also may affect the outcome of an observational study