Detecting Deception 2

Question 1

Linguistic Analysis

Answer 1

Personality assessment
Authorship analysis
Credibility assessment
Style matching
 extent of language “mirroring” 
 measure of group cohesiveness

				       Taylor & Thomas, 2007

Question 2

Credibility Assessment

Answer 2

More in Genuine

• Lexical and content diversity
• Perceptual details
• First person
• Causation

More Fabricated

• Verb use
• Negations
• Modifiers
• Passive voice
• Simple description

Question 3

Does RM work ? (Reality Monitering)

Answer 3

Masip et al (2005)
RM overall predicts liars above chance (range 64-85%)
Individual criteria differ across studies.

Question 4

Reid Technique – The US experience

Answer 4

Inbau, Reid, & Buckley’s book: Criminal Interrogation and Confession (1986) - had a profound influence on policing in many countries – including UK

2006 Buckley published his most up to date description of the “Reid Technique of interviewing and interrogation”

“Nine steps” - Claim that “none of the steps is apt [sic] to make an innocent person confess…all the steps are legally and morally justifiable” (p. 198)

Question 5

Kebbell & Hurren (2005)

Answer 5

• 19 Australian sex offenders who had confessed
• 32% said guilt was most frequent reason for confessing
• 50% stated they had not decided prior to interview whether to confess
  Asked to indicate what police could do to increase likelihood of confession
• Compassionate
• Neutral
• Non-aggressive
• Honest
• Not make false accusations
• Present strong evidence
  63% indicated that they were less likely to confess if police were aggressive (interview style)

Question 6

Baldwin (1992)

Answer 6

• 600 audio and video tapes
• Police officers believe interviews are difficult and complex encounters with awkward and aggressive people
• Interviews were short and amicable discussions
• Officers were often tentative about putting the allegations to the suspect
• Two-thirds of interviewers did not challenge what the suspect was saying
• Even when suspect denied the offence – no challenge

Question 7

UK PACE 1984

Answer 7

Significant changes to the treatment of those suspected of a criminal offence

E.g. legal advice, mandatory tape recording of interviews, emphasis on voluntary confessions

For the first time - a permanent and accurate record of what occurred in police interviews with suspects

Question 8

PEACE & Practical Guide to Investigative Interviewing

Answer 8

Preparation and planning


Engage and Explain


Account, clarification and challenge


Closure


Evaluation


Information gathering approach: NEVER an interrogation