deductive reasoning
conclusion presented first, then reasons given
false cause
giving a cause to an effect that may not be true
hasty generalization
a conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence
inductive reasoning
facts presented first, then conclusion
logical fallacy
an untrue statement based upon reasoning that does not come to a correct conclusion
red herring
focusing on another issue to evade the issue at hand
slippery slope
an overreaching conclusion that says if one premise happens, then eventually another event will happen because of it