what does the endoderm form
Gut, Liver, Lungs, Pancreas
what does the mesoderm form
notochord, muscle, dermis, bone + cartilage, kidneys, heart + blood
what does the neural crest form
brain, spinal chord
what does the neural tube form
neurons, glia, dermis, bone + cartilage, pigment cells
what is a homeotic mutant
one structure is replaced with another
segmentation pattern of the HOX genes
maternal genes, gap genes, pair rule genes, segmentation genes, selection genes
what implants into the uterus
Blastocyst, containing the inner cell mass which then forms the epiblast and hypoblast - epiblast invaginates to form ecto, meso, endoderm
myogenesis
formation of muscle cells from myoblasts
hematopoesis
Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) which are at the top of the hierarchy, move from Aorta/Gonad/Mesonephros (AGM) -> Liver -> Bone marrow
Red/White blood cells..some others (eg Osteoclasts)
formation of D/V axis in frogs + fish
sperm enters egg and that is where the ventral side is. Dorsal forms opposite and the organising center is then induced on the dorsal side e.g dorsal lip
morphogen
a signalling molecule that forms a concentration gradient from a source
organisers
a crucial group of cells that instructs adjacent embryonic cells to develop into specific tissues and organs. They organize the formation of structures along the body’s main axes
