What is assimilation?
Learning a particular strategy works in multiple environments
What is accommodation?
Adjusting a strategy to work in the change environment
What is the first stage of Piaget’s cognitive development? What is the age? What can children do?
Stage 1: Sensorimotor
Age: birth to 2 years old
Capabilities: heavily relied on innate motor responses, mental representation, object permanence, and sense of identity
What is the second stage of Piaget’s cognitive development? What is the age? What can children do?
Stage 2: Pre-operational
Age: 2-6 years old
Capabilities: well-developed mental representation, use of language, egocentrism, animistic thinking, and centration
What is the third stage of Piaget’s cognitive development? What is the age? What can children do?
Stage 3: Concrete Operational
Age: 7-11 years old
Capabilities: understand conversation but incapable of abstract thought, mental operations, and logical reasoning
What is the fourth stage of Piaget’s cognitive development? What is the age? What can children do?
Stage 4: Formal Operational
Age: 12+ years old
Capabilities: abstract thought
What is mental operation?
The ability to accurately imagine the consequences of something happening without it needing to happen
What is temperament?
The biologically based tendency to behave in particular ways from very early life, based on personality
What is socialization?
The process by which people learn behaviors, values, and skills needed to function in society
What are the 8 developmental crises associated with Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development?
- Trust vs Mistrust (birth to 1 1/2)
- Autonomy vs self-doubt (1 1/2 to 3)
- Initiative vs guilt (3-6)
- Confidence vs inferiority (6 to puberty)
- Identity vs role confirmation (adolescence)
- Intimacy vs isolation (early adulthood)
- Generativity vs stagnation (middle adulthood)
- Ego-integrity vs dispair (late adulthood)
What are Ainsworth’s different attachment styles?
- Secure attachment: child calms down after mother returns, and mom is a secure place
- Avoidant attachment: child isn’t happy mother has returned, and mom is not a secure place
- Anxious-ambivalent attachment: child clings to mom but cannot calm down, and mom is inconsistent as a secure place
What are the parent styles? What are the impacts on the developing child?
- Permissive: high responsiveness and low demandingness
- Authoritative: high responsiveness and high demandingness
- Authoritarian: low responsiveness and high demandingness
- Uninvolved: low responsiveness and low demandingness
What are Marcia’s identity statues?
- Identity achievement: decided what you’re going to be and go down that path
- Identity foreclosure: someone else decided for you, and you do it
- Identity Diffusion: no decision is made, drifting
- Moratorium: exploring options but hasn’t committed to a decision
What event helps move an adolescent to adult status?
Getting a job (money = independence)
What us the age range of emerging adult stage?
18-29 years old
What are the characteristics of the emerging adult stage?
- Age of Identity exploration - who am I?
- Age of instability - Where will I be tomorrow? (job, relationship, education)
- Age of self-focus - What will I do tomorrow?
- Age of feeling in between - When will I be an adult?
- Age of possibilities - What do I hope for?
What are the elements of a vital marriage?
Source of joy, solve problems together, and good relationship
What cognitive changes does the adult go through?
Crystalized abilities vs fluid abilities
What are fluid abilities?
The ability to learn
What are crystalized abilities?
Abilities that stay with you for life
What are some myths about old age?
- Increasing age brings about greater psychological distress
- Older adults are more depressed that your younger adults
- As individuals reach old age, they become preoccupied with memories of their childhood and youth
- Older adults are less satisfied with their lives than younger adults
- Increasing age brings about a decline in sexual desire and interest
