Definition of development
The level of economic growth + wealth of a country
How can one see the development of a country?
By looking at their
- Economic development
- Lifestyles of the people living there
What does GNP stand for, how is it measured and an example of a high GNP
Gross National Product
- Value of everything the country produces, measured in U.S. dollars
- 2006 China had the fourth biggest GNP in the world at $2600 billion
What does GNI stand for, how is it measured and what does it allow us to do?
Gross National income per capita
- Average income of people measured in U.S. dollars
- Provides a better idea of how badly off or wealthy some people are
What does HDI stand for and how is it measured?
Human Development Index
- Better way to look at human development
- Measured by looking at the average life expectancy at birth, education and literacy rate, standard of living measured by GNI per capita
Why, in 2013, did Qatar have a high GNI per capita but a low HDI?
Some possible reasons are,
- Qatar is incredibly wealthy but it is not spending their money on the components of the HDI instead it is spending their money on the World Cup in 2022
- In Qatar there are some incredibly wealthy people but they are also lots of incredibly poor people
What are what are some problems with only using wealth to measure development?
- Easier to collect data in wealthy countries so the figures will be more accurate there than in poorer countries
- Only measures products that are bought and sold and does not include people who work in the land such as farmers
- The figures are only an average for each country and does not tell us about the inequality there
What does LDC stand for and what are 4 examples of LDCs?
Least developed country
- Afghanistan (Asia)
- Malawi (Africa)
- Haiti (Caribbean)
- Solomon Islands (Australian + the Pacific)
What does MDC stand for and what are 4 examples of MDCs?
Most Developed Country
- Norway (Europe)
- Australia (Australia + the Pacific)
- Switzerland (Europe)
- United States (America)
Where is Kibera?
Nairobi, Kenya
Facts about slums and people in slums in Nairobi
- Biggest slums in the world and the biggest in Africa
- 2.5 million people live in slums in Nairobi (Kibera houses almost 1m of them)
- Represent 60% of the Nairobi populations but only occupy about 6% of the land
Facts about the water and health situation in Kibera
- Until recently Kibera no water and it had to be collected from the Nairobi dam
- Dam water was not clean and caused typhoid and cholera
- 2 main water pipes in Kibera
- Toilet is a hole in the ground shared by up to 50 shacks
- Rely on charities to provide health services
What factors effect the rate of development?
- Environmental
- Economic
- Political
- Social
How does the environment affect the rate of development?
- Natural hazards can slow down or reverse development
- Poor countries are more vulnerable and don’t have the money to protect people from natural disasters
- Reducing the risk of natural hazards and helping people to adapt to them is a priority for development in many countries
How does the economy affect the rate of development?
- Lots of developing countries are heavily indebted to international financial institutions and foreign banks based in developed countries
- This is because loans were given in the 1960s/70s and initially came with low interest rates however over the years these have increased ip to near impossible levels for developing countries to meet
- The government spends its time repaying the debt instead of investing in the countries infrastructure or healthcare
How does politics affect the rate of development?
- Political conflicts can have devastating impacts on development
- Political conflict often results in lots of deaths and injuries, large numbers of displaced people and deconstruction of infrastructure
- They are often caused by disputes over control of land and resources
An example of how politics slowed down the development of a country
In Zimbabwe which was one of the most developed countries in Africa However since 1990 it has suffered some of the worst setbacks in welfare as a result of HIV/AIDS and a poor government
How does social factors affect the rate of development?
- Lots of countries like basic infrastructure. This because lots of developing countries lack public money raised from taxes and national industries to invest in infrastructure which insures peoples basic needs are met.
- Poor healthcare standards and low levels of education in developing countries can lead to a spread of sexually transmitted diseases and diseases passed from person to person through contact with contaminated blood and water (e.g HIV/AIDS have left 20 million dead)
A developing country has…
A stable economy
A democracy
Law and order
Good health care
A developing country has….
And unstable economy A dictatorship not a democracy Crime Corrupt governments Large gaps between the rich and poor
