Development

Question 1

Name 5 primitive reflexes

Answer 1

1) Moro reflex
2) Grasp reflex
3) Rooting
4) Stepping response
5) Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Question 2

Name 4 postural reflexes

Answer 2

1) Labryinthine righting- head moves in opposite direction to which the body is tilted
2) Postural support - when held upright legs take weight and may push up/bounce
3) Lateral propping - in sitting the arm extends on the side to which the child falls as a saving mechanism
4) Parachute - when suspended face down the arms extend as though to save themselves

Question 3

When carrying out a developmental assessment, up to what age do you need to adjust/correct for prematurity?

Answer 3

About 2 years of age (after this point, the number of weeks early that the child was born no longer represents a significant proportion of the child’s life)

Question 4

What % of children can walk by

a) 12 months?
b) 18 months?

Answer 4

a) 50% of children walk unsupported by 12 months

b) 97.5% by 18 months (i.e. This is the limit age for walking!)

Question 5

Gross motor development limit ages. What is the limit age for the following:

• head control?
• sitting unsupported?
• standing independently?
• walking independently?

Answer 5

• head control by 4 months
• sitting unsupported by 9 months
• stand independently by 12 months
• walking independently by 18 months

Question 6

Vision and fine motor limit ages. What are the limit ages for the following:

• fix and follow?
• reaching for objects?
• transfers?
• pincer grip?

Answer 6

• fix and follow: 3 months
• each for objects: 6 months
• transfers: 9 months
• pincer grip: 12 months

Question 7

Hearing, speech and language limit ages. What are the limit ages for the following:

• polysyllabic babble?
• consonant babble?
• saying six words with meaning?
• joins words?
• 3 word sentences?

Answer 7

• polysyllabic babble: 7 months
• consonant babble: 10 months
• 6 words with meaning: 18 months
• joins words: 2 years
• 3 word sentences: 2.5 years

Question 8

Social behaviour limit ages. What are the limit ages for the following:

• smiles responsively?
• fear of strangers?
• feeds self/spoon?
• symbolic play?
• interactive play?

Answer 8

• Smiles: 8 weeks
• fear of strangers: 10 months
• feed self/spoon: 18 months
• symbolic play: 2 to 2.5 years
• interactive play: 3-3.5 years

Question 9

Name two formal screening tests use to assess a child’s development

Answer 9

1) The schedule of growing skills

2) The Denver developmental screening test

Question 10

What tests can be used in order to detect hearing impairment in the the newborn period?

Answer 10

• Evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE) - an earphone produces a sound which evokes an echo or emission from the ear if cochlear function is normal
• Auditory brain stem response (ARB) - computer analysis of EEG waveforms evoked in response to a series of auditory stimuli

Question 11

What are the four fields of developmental skills?

Answer 11

1. Gross motor
2. Fine motor and vision
3. Hearing speech and language
4. Social emotional and behavioural