Define development.
The improvement of quality of life via the use of resources.
What are the two main indicators of development?
Economic and social.
What is the line that splits the rich North and poor South?
Brandt Line
What are the characteristics of rich countries?
- Norhern hemisphere
- Access to coast
- Includes Australia
What are the characteristics of a developed country?
- High GDP per capita
- Technologically advanced
- Low unemployment
- High literacy rates
- Women in the workdforce
- Access to education and healthcare
- Low infant mortality
- Fewer people / doctor
- Tertiary sector employment
- Low birth rates
Define infant mortality.
The number of babies under 1 that die per 1000 live births per year.
What are the characteristics of less developed countries?
- Low literacy rates, especially among women
- High infant mortality
- High rate of infectious disease
- High birth rates
- Primary sector employment, particularly in agriculture
- Low life expectancy
- Lower GDP per capita
- High unemployment
What development indicators are there?
- GDP per capita
- Literacy rate and particularly female literacy rate
- Number of people / doctor
- Life expectancy
- Death rate
- Birth rate
- Number of people with access to the internet
- Food intake
- Infant mortality
- Corruption index
What could increase people / doctor in an MEDC?
Ageing population
What is GDP?
Gross domestic product. The total market value of goods and services produced within a country.
What is GNI?
Gross National Income. The total market value of goods and services produced by the residents of a country, even if they live abroad.
What is taken account in the Human Development Index?
- GNI
- Life expectancy - medical
- School enrolment - future development of country, equality
- Literacy rates - future development of country, equality
What are the stages of development?
- Least Developed Countries - Democratic Republic of the Congo, tribes
- Developing Countries - Nigeria
- NICs - Newly Industrialised Countries - BRICS (secondary sector)
- Developed Countries - Japan
What does LEDC or MEDC take into account?
Economic development only.
Characteristics of BRICS?
- Secondary sector development
- Investment and TNCs
- High population = big workforce
Why are there gaps within a country?
- Corruption
- Poor communication / rural - hard to distribute resources, benefit less from gov. decision, less business, less investment, poor availability healthcare
- Rural areas
- Mountainous areas
- Desert or rainforest
- Attitudes:
- Political norm of a country regarding poverty
- Discrimination against women
- Lack of centralised education system (private education) -> income gap
