Maturation
individuals progress to an adult state
-genetics vs environment
the rate of maturation is all from genetics
growth
quantitative increase in size or magnitude
- occurs over time
- conception to late adolescence (early 20s)
development
change in a level of functioning
growth, maturation, and experience contribute
interaction of all 3 pieces
measures of maturation
- maturational age: determined on your progress towards maturation
- chronological age: age since birth
estimates of maturational age
- skeletal age: growth plates
- sexual maturation: puberty (males 10-11, females 12-13)
- dental age: lose teeth between 5-7
- physical growth: change in height and weight
Physical Growth
-Early and Late maturers
- early maturers have a temporary advantage
- late maturing males will be taller
- boys and girls are roughly the same until age 9
Growth Pattern
- length
- breadth
- circumference
- density
Somatotype
All from genetics, this does not indicate what your physical capabilities are
- ectomorph, linear, lean
- endomorph: bulkier, more weight
- mesomorph- muscular and compact
Growth and motor performance
- boys vs girls
- bigger or smaller
- interpretation of changes in skill
- boys grow longer and have more steady improvements
- girls improve until adolescents which is when they gain more body fat which is when their performance decreases
- for bigger or smaller people, they excel in different places
- dont judge a person by their looks to determine their skill
why should you not let children specialize at an early age
you are trying to predict what they will excel at
- burn out at an early age
- could have been better in a different activity
- not fully developing our bodies
- overuse injuries
what are the 7 areas of development
- motor
- cognitive
- social
- physiological
- emotional
6.psychological
7physical
Motor development
process through which one acquires movement patterns and skills
- its an interaction of:
1. neuromuscular maturation
2. growth characteristics of the child
3. tempo of growth and maturation
4. motor experiences
6 Stages of developmental motor skill acquisition
- Reflexes
- Rudimentary movements
- fundamental motor skills
- proficiency barrier
- transitional motor skills
- sport specific skills and dance
Reflexes
allows body to respond to stimuli
happens as infants
grasping, sucking, not about practice
rudimentary movements
genetically determined
all kids go through them in the same order
not a result of practice
Phylogenetic skills: motor milestones
fundamental motor skills
-require practice
-basic skills we need to engage in other activities
3 types
1. manipulative skills: tying shoes
2. locomotor: place to place
3. non locomotor: stretching
Proficiency barrier
- many people get stuck at this point if they dont have:
1. good practice
2. if you dont have effective instruction
transitional motor skills
put two skills together to form new pattern
sport specific skills
a lot of practice
3 portions of Physical Development and Performance
- Aerobic Performance
- Anaerobic Performance
- Thermoregulation
Aerobic Performance
- increase cardiac output
- body grows faster than the heart
- more hemoglobin and red blood cells
anaerobic performance
- increase in muscle mass
- ATP, creatine phosphate, and glycogen content
- kids recover faster
thermoregulation
sweating patterns: kids dont have as many sweat glands as adults
Cognitive development: 3 major concepts according to Piaget
- Schemas: categories of knowledge
- Assimilation: take schema and apply it to things that dont fit
- Accommodation: had a schema, something didnt fit, create a new schema
