Development

Question 1

How are the developmental milestones classified?

Answer 1

1) Gross motor
2) Fine motor and vision
3) Hearing, speech and language
4) Social, emotional and behavioural

Question 2

Describe the normal gross motor developmental milestones

Answer 2

Newborn:
- Flexed posture

7 months:
- Sits independently

12 months:
- Stands independently

15-18 months:
- Walks independently

2. 5 years:
   - Runs and jumps

Question 3

Describe the normal fine motor and vision developmental milestones

Answer 3

Newborn:
- Follows face or light by 2 weeks

7 months:
- Transfers objects from hand to hand

12 months:

• Pincer grip
• Points

15-18 months:

• Immature pencil grip, scribbles
• Tower of 3-4 blocks

2. 5 years:
   - Draws

Question 4

Describe the normal hearing, speech and language developmental milestones

Answer 4

Newborn:

• Stills to voice
• Startles to loud noise

7 months:

• Polysyllabic babble
• Turns to voice

12 months:

• 2-3 words (total)
• Understands name

15-18 months:

• 6-10 words (total)
• Understands simple commands

2. 5 years:
   - Talks in short sentences (3-4 words)

Question 5

Describe the normal social, emotional and behavioural developmental milestones

Answer 5

Newborn:
- Smiles (6 weeks)

7 months:

• Finger feeds
• Fears strangers

12 months:

• Drinks from cup
• Waves

15-18 months:

• Feeds self with spoon
• Beginning to help with dressing

2. 5 years:
   - Parallel play
   - Clean and dry

4 years:
- Plays with other children

Question 6

What would you expect when assessing development in a 9 month old baby (chronological age) who was born 3 months early at 28 weeks’ gestation?

Answer 6

When assessing development, you would adjust for prematurity, therefore in this baby you would expect the developmental milestones of a 6 month old baby (corrected age)

Question 7

When assessing development in a preterm baby, at what age is correction no longer required?

Answer 7

2 years

Question 8

Short stature is defined as…

Answer 8

Being below the 2nd centile for height (for age and sex)

Question 9

Give some causes for short stature

Answer 9

• Familial short stature
• Malnutrition
• Chronic disease, e.g. coeliac, IBD, congenital heart disease
• Endocrine causes, e.g. hypothyroidism
• Genetic conditions e.g. achondroplasia, Down’s syndrome

Question 10

Give 2 causes of global developmental delay

Answer 10

• Fragile X

- Down’s syndrome

Question 11

Give one cause of gross motor and/or fine motor delay

Answer 11

Cerebral palsy

Question 12

Give 2 causes of language delay

Answer 12

• Hearing impairment

- Learning disability

Question 13

Give one cause of emotional and social delay

Answer 13

Autism spectrum disorder