Development and anatomy

Question 1

First system to function in embryo

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

Heart will be anterior to

Answer 2

Oropharyngeal membrane

Question 3

What attaches heart to wall

Answer 3

Dorsal mesocardium

Question 4

What forms the coelomic cavity

Answer 4

Serous pericardium: visceral and parietal pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Pericardial cavity between visceral and parietal

Question 5

At what day do heart tubes fuse in midline

Answer 5

Day 19

Question 6

At what day does blood flow start and pumping heart

Answer 6

Day 21

Question 7

What forms the pulmonary artery

Answer 7

Truncus arteriosus

Question 8

What will form the diaphragm

Answer 8

Septum transversum

Question 9

At what day does the heart get bigger at level of ventricle and atrium

Answer 9

Day 22, 23

Question 10

How does the heart adopt an S-shape

Answer 10

By folding on itself

Question 11

Where will ventricles move during folding of heart

Answer 11

Ventrally and to the right

Question 12

Where will atrium move during folding of heart

Answer 12

Dorsally and to the left

Question 13

Why are the atria at the back in adult heart

Answer 13

Due to folding of atrium dorsally and to the left during fetal development

Question 14

Truncus arteriosus –>

Answer 14

Aorta/pulmonary trunk

Question 15

Conus arteriosus –>

Answer 15

Right + left ventricle (smooth part)

Question 16

Primitive ventricle

Answer 16

Right and left ventricle (trabecular part)

Question 17

Primitive atrium

Answer 17

Right and left atrium (trabecular part)

Question 18

Sinus venosus –>

Answer 18

Right atrium smooth part + coronary sinus

Question 19

When will the dorsal mesocardium dissapear

Answer 19

When heart attached to vessels and arteries

Space: transverse pericardial sinus

Question 20

What is sinus venosus

Answer 20

Opening going to the common atrium

Question 21

Location of sinus venosus

Answer 21

Right side

Question 22

Which vein does not have a valve

Answer 22

Superior cava vein

Question 23

What are endocardial cushions

Answer 23

2 thick areas developing in walls that divide the 4 chambers of the heart

Question 24

From where will endocardial cushions be formed

Answer 24

Neural crest cells

Question 25

From where will tricuspid and mitral valve be formed

Answer 25

Neural crest cells

Question 26

What connects atriums

Answer 26

Ostium primum

Question 27

What closes the ostium primum

Answer 27

Endocardial cushions

Question 28

Formation of ostium secundum becasue

Answer 28

There needs to be a communication between atria so through apoptosis small holes apear in septum primum for communication

Question 29

Formation of ostium secundum becasue

Answer 29

There needs to be a communication between atria so through apoptosis small holes apear in septum primum for communication

Question 30

Characteristics of 1st septum

Answer 30

Flexible and thin

Question 31

Characteristics of septum secundum

Answer 31

Flexible and thick

Question 32

Formation of oval foramen

Answer 32

From the growth of septum secundus (flexible and thicker) that will leave an opening

Question 33

More blood on right or left side

Answer 33

Right

Question 34

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 34

Blood vessel connecting aorta and pulmonary artery

Question 35

To what does the ductus arteriosus turn into after birth

Answer 35

Arteriosus ligament

Question 36

Why does oval foramen close after birth

Answer 36

Because there is a drop in pressure in right side | And an increase of pressure on left side

Question 37

Name of oval foramen after birth (closure)

Answer 37

Fossa ovalis

Question 38

``` Changes at birth Umbilical vein --> Ductus venosus --> Foramen ovale --> Ductus arteriosus --> ```

Answer 38

Lig. teres Lig. venosum Fossa ovalis Lig. arteriosum

Question 39

Atrial septal defects: Ostium primum defect

Answer 39

Endocardial cushion defect --> communication between 2 atrium after birth

Question 40

Atrial septal defects: Ostium secundum defect

Answer 40

Maintained due to excessive apoptosis

Question 41

Most important defect

Answer 41

Interventricular communication

Question 42

Closure of interventricular foramen

Answer 42

7th week

Question 43

What completes the septum

Answer 43

Bulbus cordis

Question 44

Acyanotic condition

Answer 44

Heart defect affecting normal blood flow

Question 45

What results from ventricular septal defect

Answer 45

Acyanotic condition due to pressure being higher on left side, so blood will go to right side

Question 46

What results from pulmonary stenosis

Answer 46

Interventricular septum defect Overriding aorta Hypertrophy of right ventricle