Development Catch-All

Question 1

Vygotsky’s Concepts

Answer 1

• Language: Child learns through social engagement
• Emphasized role of culture on development
• Zone of Proximal Development: tasks just beyond child’s comprehension that can be learned using:
• Scaffolding: changing level of support as students develop, less guidance given

Question 2

Solitary Play

Answer 2

• Child playing alone in a room full of kids.

Vs: parallel play- two children playing blocks simultaneously but not talking
Vs: Associative play- two children building same thing, talking but not working together
Vs: Cooperative play- working together

Question 3

Differences between Adult and Childhood Depression

Answer 3

• Somatic Complaints (stomach aches, etc)

- Irritability

Question 4

Adolescence and Common Stressors

Answer 4

• Power Hierarchies
• Puberty/ hormones
• Sexuality
• Social / Peer Groups
• School
• Drugs / Alcohol

Question 5

Risks to Early Adulthood Development (26-35)

Answer 5

• Depression
• Body Image Concerns
• Substance Abuse
• Violence (car crashes, suicide, homicide)

Question 6

Counseling Issues during Middle Adulthood (36-60)

Answer 6

Central Themes:

• Consolidation (consolidating priorities)
• Reassessment is life goals
• Refinement (focus on specific goals: getting healthy, etc)
• Ageism, physical changes, career changes, midlife crisis
• Somatic Stress
• Cultural Stress
• Economic Stress
• Psychological Stress

Question 7

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

Answer 7

Microsystem: Immediate- SES, Work, Family, Peers

Mesosystem: Interactions between microsystems- parents reject child and they have trouble making friends as a result

Exosystem: Indirect environment- community, local laws

Macrosystem: Social/cultural, national laws

Chronosystem: changes over time- family history, sociohistorical,