Development of abnormal posture and postural control

Question 1

Decreased stability in quiet stance means

Answer 1

• less stable base
• need to use arms
• increase risk of falls

Question 2

Impaired quiet stance: alignment

Answer 2

• examples: aging, neurological dsyfunction
• if a person stands with all their weight on one leg and uses a cane they have not increased their BOS by using the cane

Question 3

impaired quiet stance: spontaneous sway and what can commonly cause this

Answer 3

• parkinson’s disease: tremors
• cerebral palsy: may stand still
• development coordination disorder: lower tone means more sway
• stroke: may vary
• cerebellar dysfunction: low tone may have more movement

Question 4

Impaired perturbed stance (reasons that could cause this)

Answer 4

• reactive postural control
• sequencing problems: start at ankles than thigh muscles, than abs (others may not use this sequence)
• coactivation: opposite muscle groups activate
• delayed activation of postural response: reaction time
• impaired postural adaptation: change what you use based on situation
• impaired stepping strategy: MS, hemiplegia, amputation, foot injury

Question 5

Problems with sensory organization

Answer 5

• have trouble taking in sensory information and using it for organization of movement
• sensory loss problem: may use haptic cue
• sensory inflexibility: rely heavily on one system but when that’s taken out there is no increasing other systems
• sensory selection problem: context-specific instability- cannot select a particular system like when walking on rocks they cannot rely on vision

Question 6

what are the different conditions in the platform experiment
1. stable surface, eyes open
2. stable surface, eyes closed
3. stable surface, eyes open, conflicting visual information
4. unstable surface, eyes open
5. unstable surface, eyes closed
6. unstable surface, eyes open, conflicting information

Answer 6

1. stable surface, eyes open - uses all
2. stable surface, eyes closed - use vestibular and proprioception
3. stable surface, eyes open, conflicting visual information - uses vestibular and proprioception
4. unstable surface, eyes open = vision and vestibular
5. unstable surface, eyes closed = vestibular
6. unstable surface, eyes open, conflicting information = vestibular

Question 7

Loss of anticipatory postural control/relearning anticipatory control

Answer 7

• depends on previous experience and learning
• this is needed for most functional activities
• hemiplegic CP: one side doesn’t know what postural control is like; they have asymmetrical trunk and limb use
• if they had a stroke: they have a reference point of what it was like before

Question 8

Postural control and cognition

Answer 8

• dual-task conditions: prioritize a task like walking and talking
• impaired attention capacity: if you need to do something that needs cognition you have impaired attention to other things
• dementia: motor coordination is harder sometimes, sensory organization: loss of ability to use sensory info

Question 9

Impaired seated postural control

Answer 9

• seated postural control and prognosis: cannot stand without seated postural control; harder to get back to standing if this cannot be done

adults:
- upper trunk vs pelvic movement: weaker = stiff pelvis so it comes from the upper trunk
- decreased activation of weaker trunk and LE

pediatrics: same principles apple