Developmental chapter 9 (Intelligence and Creativity)

Question 1

psychometric approach on Intelligence

Answer 1

A way of studying and measuring intelligence by creating and using tests to assess different mental abilities

Question 2

fluid intelligence

Answer 2

the ability to use your mind actively to solve problems, in a flexible way

Question 3

crystallized intelligence

Answer 3

the use of knowledge acquired throughout life

Question 4

How Piaget defined intelligence?

Answer 4

As, thinking or behavior that is adaptive to the situation and
environment

{other experts defined intelligence as abstract thinking or effective problem-solving}

Question 5

Spearman 2-factor theory of intelligence

Answer 5

1. general mental ability (performance on all kinds of tasks)
2. special abilities

Question 6

savant syndrome

Answer 6

a person can be very good at one thing but very bad at others

Question 7

Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

(practical intelligence, creative intelligence, analytic intelligence)

Answer 7

1. practical intelligence → the ability to apply knowledge and skills to solve real-life
   problems and adapt to new situations
2. creative intelligence → the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems
3. analytic intelligence → the ability to analyze, compare, and evaluate information to
   solve problems

Question 8

convergent thinking

Answer 8

→ finding the correct answer to a problem

Question 9

ideational fluency

Answer 9

the sheer number of different ideas one can come up with

Question 10

investment theory of creativity

creativity emerges from a junction of 6 factors

Answer 10

1. the 3 types of intelligence (triarchic model)
2. enough knowledge of something to assess the current state and what’s missing
3. thinking style that involves mentally playing with ideas
4. personality style that can go outside the box
5. motivation to stay focused and not give up
6. environment that supports creativity

Question 11

General Adaptive Composite (infants)

Answer 11

score that compares to others of the same age

Question 12

changes in the brains of teenagers reflect:

Answer 12

→ impressive cognitive advances
→ more stable IQ scores

Question 12

Flynn effect

Answer 12

phenomenon where the average IQ scores have increased everywhere (education and improved economic conditions)

Question 12

Creativity (the child)

Answer 12

• creativity initially increases until age 6 but the decreases
• possible increases occur from high school to adulthood
• in education, convergent thinking is emphasized
• genetic influences are important for individual differences in IQ but insignificant for creativity
  ↳ home environments and parents have a significant impact on creativity

Question 13

IQ and School Achievement

Answer 13

• IQ tests are very good predictors of academic achievement in adolescence
• the ability to elaborate on ideas (which is creative) increases in adolescence because it is rewarded by education

Question 14

(The Adult) intelligence

Answer 14

• general intelligence is related to income, occupation, and job performance
• IQ is correlated with health and longevity

Question 14

Fostering Creativity

Answer 14

• talent and motivation are important for people to flourish in creative fields
• good knowledge base in a field is a necessary component of creativity

Question 15

dysrationalia

Answer 15

inability to think and behave rationally despite having good intelligence

Question 16

dual process approach to cognition

Answer 16

{suggest 2 ways of thinking}
system 1: (cognitive miser)
- automatic → based on heuristics (mental shortcut)
- can generate responses almost without thinking
- easy and quick
- can generate incorrect answers
system 2:
- slow and deliberate
- rational
- usually generates correct answers

Question 17

Changes In IQ With Age

Answer 17

intelligence seems stable over adulthood
↳ generational differences are noticed
- fluid intelligence declines earlier and more than crystallized intelligence
- the working memory weakens as people age
- cognitively stimulating activities can reduce the decline of fluid intelligence
↳ intellectual decline is not universal

Question 18

predictors of decline in intelligence

Answer 18

• poor health and an unstimulating lifestyle are good predictors of decline in intelligence

Question 19

Wisdom

Answer 19

wisdom is not the same as intelligence
- definitions of wisdom:
→ a mix of rich factual knowledge about life, and procedural knowledge (ex: strategies
for giving advice)
→ successful intelligence combined with creativity to solve problems that require
balancing multiple perspectives

• age is not a good predictor of wisdom

Question 20

Factors That Influence IQ Scores Over The Life Span

Answer 20

genes and environments

Question 21

cumulative-deficit hypothesis

Answer 21

impoverished (poor) environments prohibit intellectual growth, and the effects of this accumulate over time

Question 22

giftedness

Answer 22

- significantly above-average intellectual functioning, usually with very special abilities or talents - research suggest there is a strong genetic influence on giftedness