- Cognitive = mild LD to severe ID; can also have attention and hyperactivity problems - Behavioral = may be anxious in new situations or aggressive - characteristic physical features - sensory sensitivities - may have trouble w/speech and language Nearly half meet criteria for ASD, sensory processing is important
Fragile X
malformation of 1 or more vertebra. In most cases no problems
spina bifida oculta
Genetic condition characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles that control movement
muscular dystrophy
birth defect where there is a sac protruding from the spinal column - may be covered w/skin or meninges. Least common
spina bifida meningocele
- Difficulty with visual-spatial tasks (e.g. drawing, puzzles) - Do well with tasks involving spoken language, music, and rote memorization - Can be hypersocial - High risk of cardiovascular disease (specifically supravalvular aortic stenosis) - Distinctive facial features in younger children - May also have connective tissue abnormalities, increased calcium in infancy, developmental delay, problems with coordination, and short stature
Williams Syndrome
- Hypotonia, feeding problems, poor growth, and developmental delays in infancy - Development of an insatiable appetite and chronic overeating in childhood - High risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes - Mild to moderate ID and learning disabilities - Behavioral problems: temper outbursts, stubbornness, compulsive behavior, sleep problems - Characteristic facial features
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Group of movement disorders involving permanent non-progressive central motor dysfunction that affects muscle tone, posture, and movement
cerebral palsy
most common and severe. Characterized by cleft in vertebral column, corresponding defect in the skin so that meninges and SC are exposed. - can lead to weakness and lack of sensation affecting LEs and bowel/bladder dysfunction. - closed neural tube defect
spina bifida myelomeningocele
