Pediatrics Board review > Developmental Milestones > Flashcards

Developmental Milestones Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Gross motor: 1 month

A
  • Lifts chin when prone
  • Turns head when supine
  • Reacts to pain
  • Turns head while prone with nose clearing surface of table
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2
Q

Gross motor: 2 months

A
  • Lifts chin when prone

- Head bobs if held sitting

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3
Q

Gross motor: 4 months

A
  • Props on wrists when prone
  • No head lag when pulled to sit
  • Rolls front to back
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4
Q

Gross motor: 6 months

A
  • Sits unsupported (by 9 months)

- Commando crawls [shuffling on their tummy] (by 8 months)

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5
Q

Gross motor: 9 months

A
  • Pulls to stand
  • Cruises (moves around while holding on to furniture)
  • Crawls
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6
Q

Gross motor: 12 months

A
  • Stands alone

- Walks a few steps alone (by 18 months)

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7
Q

Gross motor: 15 months

A
  • Walks carrying objects
  • Stoops [bends over head and shoulders] and recovers
  • Climbs on furniture
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8
Q

Gross motor: 18 months

A
  • Walks on steps with hand held
  • Runs well
  • Throws ball
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9
Q

Gross motor: 2 years

A
  • Walks down steps using rail
  • Throws ball overhand
  • Kicks ball
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10
Q

Gross motor: 2.5 years

A
  • Jumps
  • Walks on toes
  • Alternates feet going upstairs
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11
Q

Gross motor: 3 years

A
  • Balance on each foot for 3 seconds
  • Pedals tricycle
  • Heel-toe walk
  • Catches ball
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12
Q

Gross motor: 4 years

A
  • Hops on one foot

- Gallops

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13
Q

Gross motor: 5 years

A

-Skips

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14
Q

Gross motor: 6 years

A

-Tandem (heel-to-toe) walk

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15
Q

Fine motor: 1 month

A
  • Hands tightly fisted

- Hands to mouth

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16
Q

Fine motor: 2 months

A
  • Tracks past midline (by 4 months)
  • Hands unfisted half of the time
  • Holds hands together
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17
Q

Fine motor: 4 months

A
  • Tracks to 180 degrees
  • Shakes rattle
  • Mouths objects
  • Reaching for objects
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18
Q

Fine motor: 6 months

A
  • Reaches with one hand
  • Transfers hand to hand
  • Raking grasp [fingers do all the grasping]
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19
Q

Fine motor: 9 months

A
  • Pincer grasp [pointing finger and thumb squeeze together to do the holding] (9-12 months)
  • Bangs blocks together
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20
Q

Fine motor: 12 months

A
  • Primitive marks on paper

- Finger feeds part of meal

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21
Q

Fine motor: 15 months

A
  • Scribbles in imitation
  • Stacks 3-4 cubes
  • Turn pages
  • Uses spoon, cup
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22
Q

Fine motor: 18 months

A
  • Scribbles spontaneously

- Stacks 4 cubes in a tower

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23
Q

Fine motor: 2 years

A
  • Lines cubes up as a train

- Imitates circle and/or line

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24
Q

Fine motor: 2.5 years

A
  • Turns paper pages in book

- Forms an 8-cube tower

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25
Fine motor: 3 years
- Copies a circle - Strings beads - Unbuttons clothes
26
Fine motor: 4 years
- Copies a cross and square - Draws 4-6 part person - Buttons
27
Fine motor: 5 years
- Copies a triangle - Cuts with scissors - Writes first name
28
Fine motor: 6 years
- Ties shoes - Draws a diamond - Writes first and last names - Writes short sentences
29
Cognition and communication: 1 month
- Throaty noises | - Startles to sounds
30
Cognition and communication: 2 months
- Coos | - Alerts to voice and sound
31
Cognition and communication: 4 months
- Orients to voice (by 6 months) - Alternates vocalization with speaker ("converses") - Repeats actions if results are interesting
32
Cognition and communication: 6 months
- Babbles "dada" | - Listens, then vocalizes when speaker stops (by 9 months)
33
Cognition and communication: 9 months
- Babbles "mama" (by 12 months) - Imitates sounds - Responds to name (by 12 months)
34
Cognition and communication: 12 months
- 1 word | - Immature jargon
35
Cognition and communication: 15 months
- 3-6 words (by 24 months) | - Says "no" correctly
36
Cognition and communication: 18 months
- 10-25 words - Points to people and 3 body parts when named - Spoken language/gesture combos
37
Cognition and communication: 2 years
- >50 words, 50% intelligible | - 2-word phrases
38
Cognition and communication: 2 years
- Uses pronouns | - Recites parts of known books
39
Cognition and communication: 3 years
- >200 words - 3-word sentences - Speech 75% intelligible - Uses plurals
40
Cognition and communication: 4 years
- Follows 3-step commands - Speech 100% intelligible - Knows colors - Has memorized songs - Understand adjetives
41
Cognition and communication: 5 years
- Identifies most letters, numbers out of order - Counts to 10 - Future tense - Reads 25 words
42
Cognition and communication: 6 years
- 8-10 word sentences - Knows days of the week - Reads 250 words
43
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 1 month
- Fixates on faces (by 2 months) - Discriminates parent's voice - Establishes eye contact - May smile
44
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2 months
- Social smile (by 6 months) | - Recognizes parent
45
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 4 months
- Laughs out loud - Enjoys looking around - Smiles spontaneously
46
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 6 months
-Recognizes strangers
47
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 9 months
- Waves "bye-bye" - Reciprocates gestures (by 12 months) - Uses sound to get attention - Stranger anxiety
48
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 12 months
- Proto-imperative pointing [to request an object] - Pat-a-cake - Imitates - Follows 1-step command with gesture
49
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 15 months
- Follows simple step command without gesture | - Proto-declarative pointing [to comment or show interest in an object]
50
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 18 months
- Helps in house - Removes clothing - Imaginative play
51
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2 years
- Follows series of 2 independent commands - Takes off clothing - Parallel play
52
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 2.5 years
- Washes and dries hands - Puts on clothing - Imitates adult activities
53
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 3 years
- Brushes teeth with help - Names friends - Imaginative play - Begins sharing - Knows name, age, sex - Toilet trained
54
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 4 years
- Tells tall tails - Interactive play (elaborate fantasy) - Group play - Has 1 close friend
55
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 5 years
- Has group of friends | - Apologizes for mistakes
56
Social-Emotional & Self-help: 6 years
-Same-sex best friend | Distinguishes fantasy from reality
57
What are developmental red flags?
- Loss of previously acquired milestones - Missed milestones, particularly: * Not fixating on faces by 2 months * Not tracking past midline by 4 months * Not having social smile by 6 months * Having head lag after 4 months * Not orienting to voice by 6 months * Not sitting unsupported by 9 months * Not listening and then vocalizing by 9 months * Not babbling "mama" by 12 months * Not reciprocating gestures by 12 months * Not walking a few steps alone by 18 months * Having fewer than 3 words by 24 months * No proto-declarative pointing by 15 months * Not having spoken language and gesture combos by 18 months * No imaginative play by 18 months * No 2-word phrases by 2 years * No 3-word sentences by 3 years
58
What can persistent fisting at 3 months represent?
-Early indication of neuromotor dysfunction
59
What red flags may indicate spasticity?
- Rolling before 3 months - Pulling directly to stand (rather than sit) at 4 months - W-sitting - Bunny-hopping - Toe-walking
60
What does persistence of primitive reflexes at 9 months indicate?
It may indicate neuromotor dysfunction
61
When do primitive reflexes disappear?
-Usually between 6 and 9 months
62
Hand dominance before 18 months may indicate, what?
-Contralateral weakness
63
What does failure to alert to environmental stimuli may indicate?
-Visual and Auditory deficits
64
Developmental red-flag at 1 month?
Failure to alert to environmental stimuli, which may indicate sensory impairment
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