Deviance - including gambling

Question 1

Define ethics

Answer 1

Rules that dictate an individuals conduct. They form a system of rules that groups and societies agree on

Question 2

What terms are used in sport when referring to ethics

Answer 2

Sportsmanship and spirit of the game

Question 3

Define deviance

Answer 3

Unacceptable behaviour within a culture. Any behaviour that differs from the perceived social or legal norm

Question 4

What are the 2 types of drug in sport with examples

Answer 4

Recreational (for fun) - e.g cannabis, cocaine

Performance enhancing - e.g steroids

Question 5

What is the process of blood doping

Answer 5

Remove blood, freeze, defrost 1-2 days before comp, inject back in

Question 6

What are the results of blood doping

Answer 6

Increases red blood cells and hemoglobin (therefore O2 carrying capacity)

Question 7

What are some side effects of blood doping

Answer 7

Stroke, risk of heart attack, increased blood viscosity

Question 8

What causes athletes to take drugs

Answer 8

Pressure from coaches/family, political pressure e.g Russia, money/fame, fairness with other athletes

Question 9

What are the consequences of taking drugs

Answer 9

Damage concept of fair play

Reputation of sport e.g Lance Armstrong

Health issues

Encourages cheating (also to youth)

Loss sponsorships

Question 10

What are the strategies to prevent drug use

Answer 10

More testing in and out of comp

Better tech

Stricter bans, e.g WADA doubled doping ban

Education

Reinforce fair play

Question 11

What are advantages of legal drugs

Answer 11

Can help build muscle, control weight etc

Ergogenic aids increase strength and performance

Can aid performance through improved hydration

Question 12

What are disadvantages of legal drugs

Answer 12

Some could contain banned or contaminated substances

Health implications, e.g increased risk of cancer

High levels of sugar in ergogenic aids may contribute to obesity

Not in the spirit of fair play

Question 13

What are some statistics about gambling

Answer 13

75% of UK adults gambles once per year (2015), 25% of prem clubs have betting logos, leagues sponsored by SkyBet

Question 14

Define match fixing

Answer 14

When a sports competition’s result is partly or completely pre determined

Question 15

What are some examples of bribery / match fixing

Answer 15

Hansie Cronje 2000 - £68,000 bribe

FIFA - World Cup host cities (Qatar 2022)

Juventus 2006 - bribing officials

Question 16

What are the reasons for gambling to have increased

Answer 16

Increased deviance, internet access, high advertisement, performer gambling, gambling companies as sponsors

Question 17

What are strategies to reduce gambling

Answer 17

Internal investigations

Controlled advertisement / sponsorship

Close police monitoring

Track illegal bets

Education

Tight regulations

Question 18

Define violence in sport

Answer 18

Intense physical force directed to cause harm

Question 19

What are causes of violence

Answer 19

‘Win at all costs’

Aggression within the sport e.g American football

Violent society

Alcohol / drugs leads to hooliganism

Rivalries

Media promotes and glorifies violence

Response to officials, perceived unfairness

Group identity, e.g ultras

Question 20

What are strategies to tackle violence

Answer 20

Education, punishments, stronger officiating, examples set by coaches, law enforcement, promotion of fair play, technology

Question 21

What is an example of tackling violence within sport

Answer 21

Football spectators act 1989: identify causes of disorder in UK or abroad