What catalyst is used in the Haber process?
Iron
What forms when you react water or sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with an alkene?
Alcohol
How is ethanol made?
Steam hydration
- ethene hydrated by steam at 300 degrees
- yield is low
- phosphoric (V) acid catalyst
Equation for Enthalpy change of reaction
Total energy absorbed to break bonds - total energy released to make bonds
What are electrophiles?
Electron-pair acceptors
- positively charged ions
- polar molecules
How are unburnt hydrocarbons made?
When engines don’t burn all the fuel molecules
How are oxides of nitrogen produced?
When high pressure and high temp in a car engine cause nitrogen and oxygen in the air to react
What are the effects of unburnt hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen?
- They react in the presence of sunlight to form ground-level ozone.
- Cause photochemical smog
- irritate eyes, aggravate respiratory problems
What does sulfuric dioxide lead to?
Acid rain
How is acid rain produced?
Burning fossil fuels that contain sulfur
What are the problems with particulates?
Settle in people’s lungs and cause irritation of the airways
