DF - organic functional groups

Question 1

aliphatic

Answer 1

any organic compound that does not contain a benzene ring

eg. alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes

Question 2

aromatic

Answer 2

compounds with a benzene ring structure

Question 3

arene

Answer 3

compounds with a benzene ring structure

Question 4

saturated

Answer 4

every carbon atom has 4 single bonds

Question 5

unsaturated

Answer 5

compound has at least one C=C bond (or triple)

can bond to extra atoms in addition reaction

Question 6

functional group

Answer 6

a specific group of atoms in a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule

Question 7

homologous series

Answer 7

families of compounds with the same general formula

eg . alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2

Question 8

rules of nomenclature

Answer 8

1. count carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain to give the stem
   eg. meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-
2. the main functional group is the suffix
3. carbon w/ main functional group attached has lowest possible no.
   - write this no. before the suffix (eg. penta-2-ol)
4. put side chains in alphabetical order after the no. of the carbon it is on
   if more than one identical side chain or functional group use:
   di-, tri-, tetra-, before the name (this doesn’t affect the alphabetical order)

Question 9

suffix for alkanes

Answer 9

• ane

eg. propane

Question 10

suffix for cycloalkanes

Answer 10

cyclo-ane

eg. cyclohexane

Question 11

nomenclature for alkenes

Question 12

suffix for alcohols

Answer 12

• ol

eg. ethanol

Question 13

prefix for side-chains in branched alkanes

Answer 13

alkyl- (-yl)

eg. methylpropane

methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-

Question 14

prefix for haloalkanes

Answer 14

chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, fluro-,

eg. chloroethane

Question 15

prefix for arenes

Answer 15

• benzene

eg. ethylbenzene

Question 16

general formula for alkanes

Answer 16

CnH2n+2

Question 17

general formula for cycloalkanes

Answer 17

CnH2n

Question 18

general formula for alkenes

Answer 18

CnH2n

Question 19

general formula for alcohols

Answer 19

CnH2n+1OH

Question 20

structural formula for alkanes

Question 21

structural formula for cycloalkanes

Question 22

structural formula for alkenes

Question 23

structural formula for alcohols