For diabetic patients who gets diabetic ketoacidosis and who gets diabetic coma
Type I: DKA
Type II: coma
What are the signs of hypoglycemia (9)
- nervousness
- tachycardia
- diaphoresis
- nausea
- headache
- confusion
- tremor
- seizures
- coma
What are the signs of hyperglycemia (3)
polyuria
polydipsia
-weight loss
What is the function of a biguanide
antihyperglycemic
What are the only FDA-approved drugs for treating diabetic neuropathy
- duloxetine (Cymbalta)
- Pregabalin (lyrica)
Most common causes of onychomycosis (2 categories)
dermatophytes and nondermatophytes
Types of dermatophytes that cause onychomycosis (3)
- ***Trichophytan rubrum
- Trichophyton Mentagrophytes
- Epidermophytan Floccosum
Types of Nondermatophytes that cause onychomycosis (1)
Candida albicans
Conversion between Blood sugar, a1C levels, and PVD level
1 a1C level= 30 blood sugar level= 28% PVD
At what a1C level is a patient considered diabetic?
At what a1C level
a1C level of 6.4-7
Wagner Classification system
0- Pre ulcerative
1-superficial ulcer
2- ulcer deep to tendon, capsule, ligaments and bone.
3- abscess/ infection found
4- gangrene of the forefoot
5- gangrene of the rearfoot
University of Texas SA classification system
0-Pre ulcer
1-superficial ulcer
2-Ulcer that probes to tendon, ligament, capsule
3- Ulcer that probes down to bone
A-clean
B-infection
C-Ischemia
D-infection and ischemia
What is the infection rate of a diabetic during surgery
3 times the surgical risk
SIRS criteria for systemic infection (4)
- Temperature: >100.4F or < 96.8
- HR: >90
- Respirations: >20
- WBC: >12
Definition of Sepsis:
SIRS+ Source
Definition of severe sepsis:
Sepsis+ Organ dysfunction/hypotension/hypoperfusion
Definition of septic shock:
severe sepsis+hypotension
Different types of autolytic debridement and general description
- Unna Boot
- Medihoney
- Hydrogel
General info- creates moist occlusive environment for dry/necrotic wounds. Autolytic debridement by body’s own phagocytes
Alginates: product and description
Aquacel
-Highly absorbent for exudative wounds, bacteriostatic, hemostatic
Films: product and description
Tegaderm and Telfa
Low adherence
Foams/hydrocolloid: products and description
Mepilex and duoderm
Adhesive dressing to create moist environment for fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, and wound healing
Low adherence : products and description
Xeroform, adaptic, Owens Silk
Keep wound moist
Enzymatic/Chemical debridement: product and description
Accuzyme and Santyl
collagenase that removes fibrotic tissue
Mechanical debridement: products and
Hydrotherapy, Versajet and wet to dry dressings
