Equipment and Modalities (Scorebuilders) > Diagnostic Imaging > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

Arteriography (Definition)

A

-Uses X-ray imaging and contrast dye to visualize blood vessels
-Catheter inserted at either groin or arm and is guided up to the heart

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2
Q

Arteriography can be used to identify ___.

A

Arteriosclerosis

Aneurysm

Vascular Malformations

Tumors

Blockages

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3
Q

Arthrography (Definition)

A

-Uses X-ray imaging and contrast dye to visualize joint structures

-Long needle injects dye directly into joint (Direct)
OR
-Dye injected into blood vessel and then absorbed into joint space (Indirect)

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4
Q

Arthrography can be used to identify ___.

A

Joint pathology (ligament damage, capsular tears)

Soft tissue disruption (leakage/fluid from joint cavity)

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5
Q

Arthrography (Advantages and Disadvantages)

A

A:
-More detailed image vs. X-ray

D:
-Possible allergic reaction to dye (esp. with Indirect)
-Possible joint swelling after

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6
Q

Arthrography is NOT recommended for patients with ___.

A

Active Arthritis

Joint infection

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7
Q

Bone Scans are designed to provide information on ___.

A

Bony structures:

-Bone Cancer / metastasis
-Stress Fractures
-Infection

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8
Q

Bone Scan (Definition)

A

-Injection of radionuclide
-Body then scanned with gamma camera to see which bones have taken up radioactive material
-Shows which areas have high level of bone remodeling

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9
Q

Bone Scan (Advantages and Disadvantages)

A

A:
-Provides info not identified on X-Ray
-Low dose of radiation
-Less expensive than PET scans

D:
-2-3 hour waiting period between injection and imaging
-Pt lies still for long period of time
-Possible allergic reaction

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10
Q

Which forms of diagnostic imaging are NOT recommended for patients who are pregnant?

A

Bone Scan

CT Scan

Fluoroscopy

PET

X-Ray

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11
Q

Which forms of diagnostic imaging are SAFE for patients who are pregnant?

A

MRI

Ultrasound

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12
Q

Computed Tomography (CT) - Definition

A

-X-ray images taken from multiple angles
-Combined to produce cross-sectional images
-Contrast medium can be swallowed or injected to improve image quality

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13
Q

CT scans are most commonly used in ___.

A

Diagnosis of spinal lesions

Diagnostic studies of the brain

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14
Q

CT (Advantages and Disadvantages)

A

A:
-Quick results
-Multiple structures depicted at the same time
-More detailed than X-ray

D:
-Higher dose of radiation
-Allergic reaction
-Pt in small space

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15
Q

Electrocardiography (ECG) - Definition

A

Records electrical activity of the heart

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16
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG) - Definition

A

-Records electrical activity of the brain
-Several electrodes placed on scalp
-Activity displayed as waveforms

-Evoked Potential Study: Activity measured in response to stimuli (light, sound)

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17
Q

EEG can be used to diagnose ___.

A

Epilepsy

Narcolepsy

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18
Q

EEG (Advantages and Disadvantages)

A

A:
-Detects changes over the course of milliseconds
-Costs less

D:
-Less effective in providing info on exact location of pathology
-Many things can affect accuracy
-May cause seizure in patients with epilepsy

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19
Q

Electromyography (EMG) - Definition

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A

Recording of electrical activity of a selected muscle or muscle groups at rest AND during voluntary contraction

20
Q

Fluoroscopy (Definition)

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A

-Shows motion within the body with x-ray imaging and the injection of a contrast dye
-X-ray beam passes through body continuously

21
Q

Fluoroscopy (Uses)

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A

-Show motion within joints
-Movement of dye within digestive tract (e.g., Barium swallow)
-Insertion of medical devices (e.g., pacemakers)

22
Q

Fluoroscopy (Disadvantages)

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A

-Higher dose of radiation than X-rays
-Possible allergic reaction to dye

23
Q

Lumbar Puncture (Definition)

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A

Needle inserted into subarachnoid space in the lumbar spine and drawing CSF out to be tested

24
Q

Lumbar Puncture (Uses)

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A

Diagnose:
-Encephalitis
-Meningitis
-Guillain-Barre Syndrome

-Can measure pressure of CSF

25
Lumbar Puncture (Disadvantages)
-Leakage of CSF can cause HA -Small risk of bleeding in epidural and subarachnoid spaces -Pt must remain inactive after procedure
26
A Lumbar Pressure should NOT be performed in the presence of ___.
Increased ICP
27
Invasive Procedures
Arteriography Arthrography Bone Scan Fluoroscopy Lumbar Puncture Myelography PET Venography
28
Non-Invasive Procedures
EEG MRI NCV Test Ultrasound X-Ray
29
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - Definition
Utilizes magnetic fields and radio waves to produce cross-sectional images of the body
30
MRI (Advantages and Disadvantages)
A: -Useful in imaging wide variety of structures (esp. soft tissue) -Does NOT use radiation D: -Cannot be used if there is metal in the body -Interferes with internal devices (pacemaker, cochlear implant) -Pt must lie still for long period of time in enclosed space -Expensive
31
Myelography (Definition)
-Combines x-ray/fluoroscopy or CT and contrast dye to evaluate spinal structures (SC, nerve roots, meninges) -Dye directly injected into epidural space by lumbar puncture
32
Myelography is used to identify ___.
Bone Displacement Spinal Stenosis DIsk Herniation SC Compression Inflection/inflammation of meninges Tumors
33
Myelography (Advantages and Disadvantages)
A: -Better detail of spinal structures vs. X-ray -For those who cannot have MRI -Low dose of radiation D: -May cause HA with CSF leak -Small risk of seizure
34
Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV) Test (Definition)
-Used to determine extent of nerve damage -Measures speed of electrical impulse through the nerve -One electrode stimulates nerve while second measures the speed -Used in conjunction with EMG to determine muscle vs. nerve pathology
35
NCV is helpful in diagnosing which conditions?
GBS CTS Peripheral Neuropathy
36
Precautions should be taken during a NCV for patients with what?
a pacemaker
37
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - Definition
-Uses radiography and injected dye to determine metabolic activity of organ/tissue -Dye attached to substance used by organ of interest -Scanner used to determine amount of dye taken up by the organ
38
PET (Uses)
Neurology Cardiology (blood flow impairments) Together with CT to provide detail on tumors and other lesions
39
PET (Advantages and Disadvantages)
A: -Identifies onset of disease processes before other imaging techniques -Low dose of radiation D: -Results may be affected easily (high glucose, caffeine) -Pt must lie still in small space for long period of time
40
Ultrasound (Definition)
-Transducer sends sound waves into the body -Waves reflect off of internal structure to be received/processed by the transducer -Info converted to image based on speed of waves
41
Doppler Ultrasound (Definition)
-Evaluates blood flow in major veins, arteries, cerebrovascular system -Can provide auditory output in addition to visual
42
Ultrasound (Advantages and Disadvantages)
A: -Does not use radiation -Safer and less expensive D: -Image quality dependent on operator -Cannot image structures filled with air (stomach) or structures behind bone (brain) -Not as effective for obese pts
43
Venography (Definition)
-Uses x-ray and contrast dye to visualize venous system -Catheter inserted into a vein in the foot for dye injection
44
Venography (Uses)
Diagnosis: -DVT -Tumors -Valve dysfunction -Other venous pathology
45
X-Ray (Definition)
-Radiation penetrates the body and creates 2D image -Often requires images to be taken in multiple planes
46
X-Ray (Diagnosis)
Bone: -Fractures -Dislocations -Arthritis -Bone infections Chest: -Pneumonia -COPD
47
X-Ray (Advantages and Disadvantages)
A: -Great for bone and joint pathology -Low dose of radiation -Low cost, rapid results D: -CANNOT image soft tissue structures
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