NAPLEX > Diagnostic Tests > Flashcards

Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

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1
Q

Testing for various autoimmune conditions

A
  • Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  • Increased C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
  • (+) rheumatoid factor antibodies (RF)
  • (+) anti-nuclear antibody (ANA)
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2
Q

Testing for Rheumatoid Arthritis

A
  • Increased ESR, increased CRP, (+) RF, (+) ANA
  • (+) anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)
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3
Q

Testing for Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE)

A
  • Increased ESR, increased CRP, (+) RF, (+) ANA
  • (+) anti-dsDNA antibodies
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4
Q

Testing for Multiple Sclerosis

A

MRI

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5
Q

Testing for Anemia

A

-Low Hgb, Hct, RBCs

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6
Q

Microcytic Anemia

A

Aka Iron Deficiency
- Decreased MCV (smaller cell sizes: < 80 fL)

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7
Q

Macrocytic Anemia

A

AKA B12 or Folate Deficiency
- Increased MCV (larger cell sizes: > 100 fL)
- Schilling test

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8
Q

VTE

A

D-dimer test

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9
Q

DVT

A

*Ultrasound
Venography, MRI

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10
Q

PE

A

pulmonary computed tomographic angiography (CTA)

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11
Q

Stroke Prevention

A

CHA2DS2-VASC

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12
Q

Heparin Induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

A
  • Decreased platetes (>50% drop from baseline) 0 5-14 days after starting heparin
  • (+) antibodies based on ELISA or serotonin release assay
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13
Q

Acute Coronary Syndromes

A

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
Cardiac Enzymes: Creatine kinase muscle/brain (CK-MB), troponin

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14
Q

Arrhythmias

A

electrocardiogram ECG or EKG
Holter monitor (portable ECG)
Heart rate

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15
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA/Stroke)

A

Computed Tomography (CT)
MRI

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16
Q

Chronic Heart Failure

A

Echocardiogram (Echo) ~ultrasound
-Increased B-Type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
- Increased N-Terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP)

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17
Q

Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (SIHD)/ Chronic Stable Angina

A

Cardiac Stress Test
Angiography

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18
Q

Dyslipidemia

A
  • Increased TC, Non-HDL, LDL and TGs
  • Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) ~ non-invasive CT scan
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19
Q

Hypertension

A

Increased SBP/DBP

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20
Q

Hypertensive Emergency

A

Increased BP: >/= 180/120 mmHg with acute TOD

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21
Q

Hypertensive Urgency

A

Increased BP: >/= 180/120 mmHg without acute TOD

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22
Q

ASCVD

A

ASCVD 10 year risk tool; used if no history of ASCVD

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23
Q

Diabetes/Prediabetes

A

Fasting Plasma Glucose
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
A1C

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24
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A
  • Decreased TSH
  • Increased FT4
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25
Hypothyroidism
- Increased TSH - Decreased FT4
26
Ovulation
Leutinizing hormone
27
Pregnancy
(+) hCG in urine or blood
28
Bacterial Vaginitis
- Clear, white or gray vaginal discharge - Fishy odor - pH > 4.5 - Little or no pain
29
Candida Vaginitis
- White, thicker, vaginal discharge - Pruritis
30
Trichomoniasis
-Yellow, green frothy, foul-smelling discharge - pH > 4.5 - soreness/pain with intercourse
31
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Upper GI endoscopy (mouth - small intestine)
32
Duodenal ulcer
Pain 2-3 hours after eating (without food in stomach) Pain relief with food and antacids
33
Gastric ulcer
Pain right after eating (food in stomach) Little-no pain relief with food and antacids
34
GERD
Esophageal pH monitoring Endoscopy
35
H. Pylori
Urea breath test (UBT) Fecal antigen testI
36
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (UC, CD)
Both: colonoscopy, biopsy, CT, MRI CD: Endoscopy UC: Sigmoidoscopy
37
Bronchospastic Diseases
Spirometry FEV1 FVC FEV1/FVC
38
Asthma
FVC FEV1 Peak expiratory flow rate Skin test for allergic asthma
39
COPD
Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7
40
Acid Base Disorders
Arterial blood gas --> pH, pCO2, HCO3
41
Metabolic Acidosis
Low pH, low bicarbonate Compensation: Respiratory alkalosis
42
Respiratory Acidosis
Low pH, High pCO2 Compensation: Metabolic alkalosis
43
Metabolic Alkalosis
High pH, high bicarbonate Compensation: Respiratory Acidosis
44
Respiratory Alkalosis
High pH, low pCO2 Compensation: Metabolic Acidosis
45
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Anion gap > 12 mEq/L
46
General Infection
Fever (>100.4 or 38) Increased WBC Left shift: increased bands AKA immature neutrophils
47
C.Difficile
Positive C. Diff stool toxin (immunoassay plus glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) test) PCR
48
HIV
HIV antigen/antibody immunoassay HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunassay HIV RNA viral load Nucleic Acid Test
49
Infective Endocarditis
Echo (checks vegetation) Blood culture
50
Lyme Disease
Round, red bullseye rash, ELISA
51
Meningitis
Lumbar puncture (LP) - Plus symptoms of: severe headache, stiff neck, AMS
52
Onychomycosis (Fungal infection of nail)
20% KOH smear
53
Lice (Pediculosis)
Pruritus Visible lice on scalp Nits (eggs) on hair shafts
54
Pinworm (Vermicularis)
Tape test on skin adjacent to anus to check for eggs Helminths in blood, feces, urine
55
Pneumonia
Chest X-Ray: infiltrates, consolidations or opacities
56
Syphilis
(+) nontreponemal assay [Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or Venereal Diseases Research Labortory (VDRL) blood test] (+) Treponemal assay
57
Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis
Toxoplasma IgG test
58
Tuberculosis (TB)
Latent: (+) TB skin test (TST) or PPD or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test Active: Positive sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain and culture and chest X-Ray with cavitation
59
UTI
Urinalysis - (+) leukocyte esterase or WBC > 10 cells/mm3, nitrites, bacteria (+) Urine Culture
60
Breast Cancer
Mammogram Ultrasound MRI
61
Cervical Cancer
Pap smear HPV Test
62
Colon Cancer
Colonoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy Double-contrast barium enema CT Colonography Stool DNA Fecal Occult blood test (FOBT) Fecal immunochemical test
63
Lung Cancer
CT Chest
64
Skin Cancer
Skin Biopsy
65
Prostate Cancer
Digital rectal exam (DRE) Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
66
Cancer, general
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) test Positron emission tomography
67
Allergic Reactions
Skin prick test IgE Antibodies
68
Bleeding
Low Hgb/Hct Visible blood or bruising Upper GI Bleed: coffee ground emesis, or dark/tarry stools Lower GI/Hemorrhoid: red blood in stool
69
Cholestasis (Bile Duct Blockage)
Increased Alk Phos, Increased TBili, Increased gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)
70
Cognitive Impairment (Alzheimer's)
Mini-mental state exam (MMSE) - <24 = impairment
71
Cystic Fibrosis
Sweat Test
72
Glaucoma
Increased IOP Visual field test assess optic nerve damadge
73
Gout
Increased uric acid (UA) level
74
Liver disease
LFTs: increased AST/ALT, Alk Phos, TBili, LDH, Cirrhosis: increased PT/INR, decreased albumin Alcoholic liver disease: increased AST>ALT and increased GGT Hepatic encephalopathy: increased blood ammonia
75
Movement Disorders (ie. Parkinsons)
Abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMs) - used to measure involuntary movements or tardive dyskinesias as monitoring for improvement
76
Myopathy
Increased Creatine kinase or creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
77
Peripheral Neuropathy
10-g monofilament Pinprick Temperature Vibration
78
Osteoarthritis
X-Ray, MRI
79
Osteoporosis
BMD using DEXA: T score
80
Pain
Pain scales Non verbal signs
81
Pancreatitis
Increased amylase/lipase
82
Psychiatric Disease
DSM-5 diagnositic criteria
83
Depression
DSM-5 Ham-D or HDRS assessment scale
84
Renal Disease
Increased BUN/SCr CrCl eGFR Urine albumin
85
Dehydration
BUN/SCr ratio >20:1 plus symptoms of decreased urine output, dry mucus membranes, tachycardia
86
Seizures/Epilepsy
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
87
Weight (Underweight, normal, overweight, Obesity)
BMI plus waist circumference for overweight/obesity risks IBW TBW
88
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