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Diagnostic Tests Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Components of CBC (4)

A
  1. WBC: white blood cells
  2. Hgb: hemoglobin
  3. Hct: hematocrit
  4. Plt: platelets
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2
Q

High WBC (aka leukocytosis)

A

Infection

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3
Q

Low Hgb

A

Anemia

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4
Q

Low Hct

A

Anemia

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5
Q

Low Plt (aka thrombocytopenia)

A

Prone to bleeding

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6
Q

Components of CBC w/ diff (6)

A
  1. CBC: complete blood count
  2. Bands: band cells
  3. Segs: segmented neutrophils
  4. Lymphs: lymphocytes
  5. Monos: monocytes
  6. Eos: eosinophils
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7
Q

High band count (aka bandemia)

A

Serious infection

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8
Q

High segs (aka left shift)

A

Acute infection

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9
Q

High lymphs

A

Viral infection

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10
Q

High monos

A

Bacterial infection

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11
Q

High eos

A

Parasitic infection

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12
Q

Components of BMP (7)

A
  1. Na
  2. K
  3. BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
  4. Creat (creatinine)
  5. Gluc
  6. HCO3-: bicarbonate
  7. Cl-
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13
Q

High/low Na

A
  • High (hypernatremia): dehydration

- Low (hyponatremia): dehydration

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14
Q

High/low K

A
  • High (hyperkalemia): poor kidney function

- Low (hypokalemia): may cause arrythmias

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15
Q

High BUN

A

Renal insufficiency or failure

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16
Q

High Creat

A

Renal insufficiency or failure

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17
Q

High/low Gluc

A
  • High (hyperglycemia): high blood sugar

- Low (hypoglycemia): low blood sugar

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18
Q

High/low HCO3-

A
  • High (hypercarbia): possible respiratory disease

- Low (hypocarbia): hyperventilation (possible DKA)

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19
Q

High Cl- (aka hyperchloremia)

A

Possible dehydration

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20
Q

Six components of CMP (comprehensive metabolic panel)

A
  1. BMP
  2. T Prot/Alb: total protein/albumin
  3. T bili: total bilirubin
  4. AST (SGOT): aspartate transaminase
  5. ALT (SGPT): alanine transaminase
  6. Alk Phos: alkaline phosphatase
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21
Q

Low T Prot/Alb

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A

Poor nutrition

22
Q

High T bili

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A

Jaundice or liver failure

23
Q

LFT’s (3) and significance of high test

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A

Liver Function Test (LFT)

  1. AST (SGOT)
  2. ALT (SGPT)
  3. Alk Phos

**High value indicates liver damage

24
Q

Five components of CEP (cardiac enzyme panel)

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A
  1. Trop: troponin
  2. CK: creatine kinase
  3. CK-MB: creatine kinase-muscle breakdown
  4. CK-RI: creatine kinase relative index
  5. Myo: myoglobin
25
High Trop
Specific to heart damage
26
High CK
Heart damage or rhabdomyolysis
27
High CK-MB
Heart damage
28
High CK-RI
Heart damage
29
High Myo
Heart damage
30
Why order a D-Dimer? Significance of high level?
Physician is considering a PE as a ddx; D-Dimer is a protein that is excreted by blood clots - High D-Dimer means pt must be ruled out for a PE via CTA chest or VQ scan
31
High BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)
CHF
32
Components of ABG and high/low findings
- Low pH: acidosis - High/low HCO3: metabolic problem - High/low pCO2: respiratory problems - Low pO2: hypoxia
33
Cardiac Order Set (6 tests); when is it ordered?
1. CBC 2. BMP 3. CK, CK-MB 4. Troponin 5. EKG 6. CXR **Ordered for almost every adult pt c/o CP
34
CSF analysis (significances of abnormal tests); how many tubes are obtained and through what procedure?
- Abnormal CSF tests indicate possible meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage - Four tubes of CSF are obtained via LP
35
Components of Coags (3)
1. PT: prothrombin time 2. INR: international normalized ratio 3. PTT: partial thromboplastin time **PT and INR are the same test, but two diff representations of results
36
Normal, supratherapeutic, subtherapeutic INR
- Normal: 1.0 - Subtherapeutic: < 2.0 (not enough Coumadin) - Supratherapeutic: > 3.0 (too much Coumadin)
37
ENT Labs (4)
1. Strep (rapid strep test) 2. Monospot (mononucleosis test) 3. Influenza A+B: "the flu" 4. RSV (respiratory syncytial virus): bronchiolitis
38
Pancreatic enzymes (2)
1. Lip (lipase): high level is specific to pancreatitis | 2. Amy (amylase): high level indicates possible pancreatitis
39
Thyroid labs (3)
1. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone): high level is possible hypothyroidism, low level hyperthyroidism 2. T3 (triiodothyronine): low level is hypothyroidism 3. T4 (thyroxine): low level is hypothyroidism
40
Inflammation labs (2)
1. CRP (c-reactive protein): high level signifies active inflammation in body 2. ESR/Sed Rate (erythrocyte sedimentation rate): high level signifies active inflammation in body
41
OB/GYN labs (5)
1. HCG (urine beta-HCG): pregnant/not pregnant 2. Serum HCG Qual (serum beta-HCG qualitative): preg/not preg 3. Serum HCG Quant (serum beta-HCG quantitative): higher indicates further in preg, neg indicates failed preg 4. T+S/ABORh (type and screen/blood type): Rh negative 5. T+X (type and cross): gets blood ready for transfusion
42
Pelvic exam labs (4)
1. Wet prep (vaginal wet mount): BV, trichomonas, or vaginal yeast infection 2. GC (gonococcus): gonorrhea 3. CT (chlamydia trachomatis): chlamydia 4. Genital Cx (genital culture): ED will call is Cx is positive
43
Urine dip (4)
1. Leuks (leukocyte esterase): positive likely UTI 2. Nit (nitrite): positive UTI 3. Gluc (glucose): positive (glycosuria) high blood sugar (DM) 4. Blo (blood): positive (hematuria) could be UTI or kidney stones **Qualitative analysis; if dip is abnormal, urine is sent for urinalysis
44
Microscopic urinalysis (4)
1. WBC (WBC in urine): UTI 2. RBC (RBC in urine): UTI vs. kidney stone 3. Bact (bacteria): UTI 4. Epi (epithelial cells): contaminated sample **Quantitative analysis
45
Sepsis labs (3)
1. CBC: high WBC and high Bands possible sepsis 2. Lactate (lactic acid): high level indicates sepsis or cell death in body 3. Blood Cx: positive growth indicates definitive sepsis
46
Cx (4)
1. BCx (blood): positive growth indicates sepsis 2. UCx (urine): positive indicates UTI 3. Wound Cx: "results pending" 4. Stool Cx: "results pending"
47
What to write for Cx tests
"__________ cultures ordered, results pending."
48
Toxicology labs (4)
1. ASA (serum acetylsalicylic acid): high indicates toxic ASA level 2. APAP (serum acetaminophen): high, toxic Tylenol level 3. EtOH (serum ethanol, alcohol): high, alcohol intoxication 4. UTox (urine drug screen): positive for opiates, cannabinoids, cocaine, methamphetamines, PCP
49
Diabetes labs (2)
1. Ketones (serum ketones): large level is likely DKA | 2. Accu-Chek (finger-stick blood glucose): less than 80mg (low blood sugar), more than 110mg (high)
50
Three key labs for efficiency
1. D-Dim: must order CTA chest or VQ scan if high (first need creat before CTA) 2. Trop: high indicates acute MI (give ASA, NTG, beta-blocker, Heparin) 3. Creat: assesses kidney function, pt w/ creat > 1.4 cannot receive IV contrast
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