Dialysis

Question 1

what is the primary goal of dialysis?

Answer 1

• restore intracellular and extracellular fluid environment that is characteristic of normal kidney function
• solute removal
• volume removal

Question 2

what is the leading cause of ESRD?

Answer 2

diabetes (DM2)

Question 3

what are the major symptoms of uremia?

Answer 3

• GI (anorexia, nausea)
• reduced body temp (hypothermia)
• pruritis
• fatigue
• seizures
• sleep disturbances
• coma

Question 4

what are the indications for renal replacement therapy?

Answer 4

AEIOU

acidosis 
electrolytes (potassium) 
ingestions (drugs, toxins) 
overload (refractory) 
uremia****

Question 5

at what GFR is dialysis usually started?

Answer 5

under 15 mL/min/1.73 m2

however, it is not started strictly on a number

Question 6

the second most common cause of death in patients with dialysis is ___________

Answer 6

infection

Question 7

what are the determinants of dialysis efficiency?**

Answer 7

• membrane surface area
• blood flow rate
• dialysate flow rate / characteristics
• duration
• ultrafiltration

Question 8

what are the inherent complications of dialysis?

Answer 8

• hypotension
• arrhythmias
• cramps
• hypoxemia

Question 9

what are the two types of peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 9

• continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

- APD

Question 10

what acts as the osmotic agent for fluid removal?

Answer 10

dextrose / icodextrin

Question 11

what is used to create the osmotic concentrations in peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 11

glucose solutions

Question 12

what is the primary complication of peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 12

peritonitis

Question 13

what are the two most common causes of death in dialysis patients?

Answer 13

• CV

- infection