Diencephalon

Question 1

location of diencephalon

Answer 1

between cerebrum and brainstem, ventral to the lateral ventricles, encloses the 3rd ventricle

Question 2

divisions of the diencephalon

Answer 2

• epithalamus
• thalamus
• hypothalamus
• subthalamus

Question 3

epithalamus

Answer 3

pineal gland - circadian rhythms

Question 4

thalamus subnuclei functions

Answer 4

• sensory information processing

- motor output integration and modulation

Question 5

hypothalamus functions

Answer 5

• autonomic functions
• endoctrine functions
• limbic functions
• motivated behaviors

Question 6

Integrates and relays sensory & motor information to/from the cortex

Answer 6

thalamus

Question 7

key thalamic nuclei

Answer 7

• VA = ventral anterior nucleus
• VL = ventral lateral nucleus
• VPL = ventral posterolateral nucleus
• VPM = ventral posteromedial nucleus
• LGN = lateral geniculate nucleus
• MGN = medial geniculate nucleus

Question 8

VA ventral anterior nucleus

Answer 8

sends info to the premotor cortex to activate the motor system

“Vacates ants” to activate motor

Question 9

VL ventral lateral nucleus

Answer 9

sends information to activate M1 for motor processing

“vodka lateral” - walk lateral

Question 10

VPL ventral posterolateral nucleus

Answer 10

S1 bodily somatosensation
- vibration, pain, pressure, proprioception, light touch temperature

VPPPL

Question 11

VPM ventral posteromedial nucleus

Answer 11

S1: facial somatosensation, face sensation and taste

“post malone” has FACial tattoos which are disTASTEful

Question 12

LGN lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 12

V1 vision (optic nerve)

“long gone in the night because there is no light” or VL lateral for light

Question 13

MGN medial geniculate nucleus

Answer 13

A1 hearing
- superior olives and midbrain to auditory

can remember MGN or medial for music, or MGM for music production

Question 14

hypothalamus functions

Answer 14

• ANS
• endocrine
• limbic system
• motivated behaviors

Question 15

lateral nucleus and ventromedial nucleus

Answer 15

• feeding and satiety
• lesion = Lateral lesion makes you “Lean”
• venteromedial =
• lesion VM for VERY MASSIVE

Question 16

ventromedial nucleus is stimulated by ___ and inhibited by ___

Answer 16

• leptin

- grehlin

Question 17

lateral nucleus is stimulated by ___ and inhibited by ____

Answer 17

• grehlin

- leptin

Question 18

anterior nucleus

Answer 18

cooling and parasympathetic ANS

Question 19

posterior nucleus

Answer 19

heating and sympathetic ANS

Question 20

anterior and posterior nucleus

Answer 20

• Anterior is cooling like A/Clesion means hypothermia

Question 21

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 21

circadian rhythms

“supercalifragilisticexpialidocious” is a rhythmic song, Mary Poppins works day or night

Question 22

preoptic nucleus functions

Answer 22

thermoregulation, sexual behaviors, releases GnRH

Question 23

lesion of preoptic nucleus

Answer 23

Kallmann syndrome; anosmia (absence of puberty)

Question 24

anterior nucleus lesion results in

Answer 24

hyperthermia

Question 25

posterior lesion results in

Answer 25

hypothermia

Question 26

paraventricular nucleus

Answer 26

- synthesizes ADH and oxytocin - releases via posterior pituitary - provides ANS connections to brainstem and spinal cord

Question 27

supraoptic nucleus

Answer 27

synthesizes ADH and oxytocin

Question 28

paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus rhyme

Answer 28

PARAsail over open WATER (ADH) because you LOVE (oxytocin) it

Question 29

separates thalamus and caudate nucleus medially from the putamen and globus pallidus laterally

Answer 29

internal capsule

Question 30

the internal capsule is a ____ pathway to the cortex

Answer 30

reciprocal

Question 31

descending hypothalamic input to preganglionic sympathetic neurons of the SC

Answer 31

hypothalamospinal tract

Question 32

Horners syndrome is related to this tract

Answer 32

hypothalamospinal

Question 33

all sensory pathways synapse in the ____ except for ______

Answer 33

thalamus EXCEPT for olfaction

Question 34

processes specific sensory and motor information

Answer 34

thalamus

Question 35

processes specific functions relating to ANS, limbic, and endocrine functions, and motivational behaviors

Answer 35

hypothalamus