diet

Question 1

what is energy in food measured in

Answer 1

joules J or kJ
Calories Cal or kCal

Question 2

how is food classified

Answer 2

classified into 7 main food groups based on types of nutrients these foods provide for the body

Question 3

define nutrients

Answer 3

chemical substance in food essential for proper functioning of your body

Question 4

what are the five processes that is in involved in the heterotrophic nutrition in humans

Answer 4

ingestion: the process by which food is taken into the body via the mouth
digestion: the process by which food is broken down into simple soluble food molecules
absorption: the process by which soluble food molecules, produced in digestion, move into body fluids and body cells
assimilation: process by which the body uses soluble food molecules absorbed after digestion
egestion or defaecation: process by which undigested food material is removed from body

Question 5

define a balanced diet

Answer 5

made up of food from all food groups in correct amounts to meet the needs of the individual to supply the body with enough energy for daily activities and the correct materials for growth and development and to keep the body in a healthy state

Question 6

state functions for carbs

Answer 6

to provide energy as main source for the body
17kJ per g
energy is easily released when respired
for storage
glycogen granules are stored in many cells

Question 7

sources for carbs

Answer 7

sweet foods – fruits cakes jams
starchy foods – yams potatoes rice

Question 8

deficiency for carbs

Answer 8

weight loss
can contribute to marasmus along with deficiency of other food groups

Question 9

carbs taken in excess

Answer 9

weight gain
leads to obesity and other related diseases

Question 10

state protein functions

Answer 10

to make new cells for growth and to repair damaged tissues
to make enzymes which catalyse reactions in the body
to make hormones which control various processes in the body
to make antibodies to fight diseases
to provide energy 17kJ per g used only when stored carbs and lipids have been used up

Question 11

sources of proteins

Answer 11

fish lean meat milk cheese eggs peas beans nuts

Question 12

deficiency of proteins

Answer 12

loss of body mass
wasting of muscles
kwashiorkor

Question 13

proteins taken in excess

Answer 13

broken down in liver and excreted by kidneys
not stored

Question 14

functions of lipids

Answer 14

to make cell membranes of newly formed cells
to provide energy 39 kJ per g used after carbs because their metabolism is more complex and takes longer
for storage fat is stored under the skin and around organs
for insulation fat under skin acts as an insulator

Question 15

sources of lipids

Answer 15

fats from animals – butter chocolate fry foods
fats from plants — olive oil avacado nuts seeds

Question 16

deficiency of lipids

Answer 16

contributes to marasmus

Question 17

if lipids taken in excess

Answer 17

weight gain
obesity
heart disease
hypertension

Question 18

define vitamins

Answer 18

organic compounds that are required in small amounts for healthy growth and development
micronutrients

Question 19

which vitamins are fat soluble

Answer 19

Vitamin A and D

Question 20

which vitamins are water soluble

Answer 20

vitamin c and b

Question 21

what can a surplus of vitamin a do

Answer 21

cause liver damage itchy skin cracked fingernails blurry vision nausea headaches fatigue

Question 22

what can a surplus of vitamin d do

Answer 22

high levels of calcium in blood
excessive thirst and urination
loss of appetite
nausea
vomiting
calcification of soft tissues such as kidneys lungs and inside blood vessels
development of kidney stones

Question 23

define minerals

Answer 23

inorganic substances required in small amounts for healthy growth and development that is they are micronutrients

Question 24

define water

Answer 24

inorganic compound that is essential in a balanced diet
human body is about 65% water

Question 25

functions of water

Answer 25

dissolves chemical in cells so they can react dissolves substances so that they can be transported around the body eg products of digestion dissolved in blood plasma dissolves waste substances sp that they can be excreted from body eg urea acts as reactant eg in hydrolysis which occurs during digestion acts as coolant removing heat from body when it evaporates from sweat

Question 26

define roughage

Answer 26

food that cannot be digested consists mainly of cellulose of plant cell walls lignin of plant xylem vessles husks of brown rice bran of whole grain cereals

Question 27

what does roughage add to a meal

Answer 27

bulk to the food which stimulates peristalsis so that food is kept moving through digestive system this helps prevent constipation and reduces risk of colon cancer