Regurgitation
- pharyngeal/esophageal foreign body or neoplasia
- rabies,
- botulism
- pharyngeal/esophageal myopathy
- megaesophagus / myasthenia
gravis - esophageal stricture
- hypoadrenocorticism,
- hypothyroidism
- hiatal hernia,
- gastroesophageal intussusception,
- gastroesophageal reflux,
- granulomatous disease
- lead toxicity
- GDV
- parasites,
- bronchoesophageal fistula
Vomiting
GI
- GDV
- foreign body
- lymphoma, adenocarcinoma,
GIST
- dietary indescretion
- IBD
- histoplasma
- helicobacter
- food intolerance
Non-GI
- kidney inflammation, CKD, AKI,
- liver storage dz or shunt
- lepto
- addison’s
- primary CNS
- pancreatitis
- EPI
- sepsis/blood borne
Ds
- dietary indiscretion / change
- hypoadrenocorticism,
- liver disease
- renal disease,
- pancreatic disease
- obstruction/foreign body
- intussusception or volvulus
- idiopathic hemorrhagic
gastroenteritis - parvovirus/feline panleukopenia,
- coronavirus
- rotatvirus,
- distemper
- salmonella,
- campylobacter
- clostridium
- E. coli
- parasitic
- salmon poisoning
- histoplasmosis
- NSAIDS, steriods, abx,
PU/PD
- Diabetes mellitus or insipidus
- hyperthyroidism,
- hyperadrenocorticism,
- acromegaly
- primary hyperaldosteronism,
- pheochromocytoma,
- hypercalcemia
- intestinal leiomyosarcoma
- pyometra or pyelonephritis
- hepatic disease,
- fanconi’s syndrome
- renal failure,
- polycythemia
- hypokalemia or hyponatremia, - steriods, diruetics, anticonvulsants
- psychogenic,
- pain/heat/stress
- very low protein diet
Coughing
- tracheal collapse
- bronchitis,
- pneumonia
- mass
- lungworm/heartworm),
- foreign body
- Heart disease
- pulmonary edema
Collapse
- Cardiac arrhythmias,
- hypoglycemia
- hypo/hyperkalemia,
- hypoadrenocorticism,
- seizures,
- heat stroke / hyperthermia
- malignany
Hypercholesterolemia
- hypothyroidism,
- hyperadrenocorticism,
- nephrotic syndrome,
- pancreatitis
- diabetes mellitus
Hypocholesterolemia
- hypoadrenocorticism
- protein losing enteropathy,
- hepatopathy,
- severe malnutrition
Wt Loss in the face of appetite
- Neoplasia
- hyperthyroidism,
- EPI
- diabetes mellitus
- parasites
- heart pathologies
Azotemia
Pre-renal (hypersthenuric)
- dehydration / recent fluid loss
- low cardiac output
- high protein diet
Renal (isosthenuric)
- AKI
- nephrotoxicants
- ischemic renal
injury
- CKD
Post-renal (variable)
- obstruction
- nephrolith
- cystolith
Increased ALT/ALP
ALT > ALP
- Liver disease
- bile duct disease
- toxins,
- hyperthyroidism
- hemolytic anemia
- trauma
ALP > ALT
- young/growing
- biliary obstruction
- hyperadrenocorticism
- steroid use
Hypoproteinemia (albumin & globulin)
- blood loss
- protein-losing gastroenteropathy
- lymphangiectasia
- EPI
- GI lymphoma
- IBD
Hypoalbuminemia
- liver dz
- glomerular nephropathy
Pale MMs
- pneumonia
- asthma
- hypothermia
- low BP
- hemolytic toxins
- dehydration
- anemia
- heart dz
Increased CRT
- hypovolemia
- circulatory shock
- heart failure
- dehydration
Hypercalcemia
- neoplasia
- CKD,
- hypoadrenocorticism
- primary
hyperparathyroidism, - secondary
hyperparathyroidism - hypervitaminosis D / vit D rodenticide
- non-malignant
skeletal disorder - high calcium diet
- lipemia (artifact),
- young/growing dog,
- hyperalbuminemia
Anemia
- Blood loss
- hemolysis
- space-occupying bone
marrow neoplasias, - immunimediated conditions non-production
- decrease in EPO
- chronic dz & seqeustration of iron
Icterus
Pre-hepatic
- IMHA
- hemolysis from inflammatory dz
- hemolysis from infectious dz
- lymphoma.
Hepatic:
- intrahepatic cholestasis
- hepatic lipidosis,
- hepatitis/infectious,
- lymphoma/hepatocellular
carcinoma
- pancreatitis
Pos-thepatic
- bile duct obstruction
- pancreatic/upper GI mass
- inspissated bile syndrom of cats,
- pancreatic neoplasia
