Table of elements > DIFFUSION-ADOPTION > Flashcards

DIFFUSION-ADOPTION Flashcards

(44 cards)

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1
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS
A ___________ is a design for instrumental action that reduces the uncertainty in the cause- effect relationships involved in achieving a desired outcome.

A

technology

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2
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Most technologies have two components:
1) _______, consisting of tool that embodies the technology as a material or physical object and
2) ________, consisting of the
knowledge base for the tool.

A

hardware

software

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3
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

An _______ is an idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption.

A

innovation

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4
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

A diffusion of innovation with in a
social system takes place through its ________ by individual or groups.
_________ is a decision to make full use of an innovation as the best course of action available.

A

Adoption

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5
Q

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Spread of those innovations through a population, and is simply the result of a host of individual adoption decisions.

If individual adoption decisions are, to an extent, predictable, then the larger diffusion process is also predictable. It follows a pattern, and that element of predictability has substantial implications.
Therefore the diffusion process can be explained with the terms given by Rogers as “the spread of a new idea from its source of invention or creation to its ultimate use of adopters”.

A

DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION

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6
Q

*Defined as the spreading of information from a source to its intended or unintended receivers or users and the stages through which adoption passes.

*A process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system.

A

DIFFUSION PROCESS

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7
Q

DIFFUSION PROCESS

A

1.Awareness
2. Interest
3. Evaluation
4. Trial
5. Adoption

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8
Q

DIFFUSION PROCESS

-Stage when a person knows that an idea exists but lacks details and information about it.

A

1.Awareness

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9
Q

DIFFUSION PROCESS

-Stage when a person seeks more factual information as to what it is, how it works and what its advantage are

A
  1. Interest
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10
Q

DIFFUSION PROCESS

-When an individual shows marked interest in the idea as it applies to his farming operation and family.

A
  1. Evaluation
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11
Q

DIFFUSION PROCESS

-stage whereby an individual has weighed the advantages and risks involved and whether he can try it on a small scale, the individual actually applies the new idea on a small scale in order to determine its utility in his own situation

A
  1. Trial
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12
Q

DIFFUSION PROCESS

-as the final stage of the diffusion process which is described as full/large scale and continuous use of the idea.

A
  1. Adoption
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13
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION

A
  1. Relative Advantage
  2. Compatibility
  3. Complexity
  4. Trialability
  5. Observability
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14
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION

-Degree to which a farmer perceives the innovation as better than the idea he or she is currently practicing.
-Economic profitability, multiple usage, location
-More relative advantage are likely to be adopted quickly

A
  1. Relative Advantage
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15
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION

-The degree to which a farmer perceives the innovation/ new idea to be consistent with his socio-cultural values and beliefs, and with previously introduced ideas and felt needs.
-Ensures greater security and less risk to the receiver and makes the new idea more meaningful to him.

A
  1. Compatibility
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16
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION

-The degree to which a farmer can understand and follow an innovation
-Any new idea can be classified on a complexity-simplicity continuum
-Complexity of innovation is inversely related to its rate of adoption

A
  1. Complexity
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17
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION

-Degree to which an innovation can be experimented or duplicated on a small scale basis
-divisible innovations
-Result of the trial, if successful, not only minimizes risk and insecurity but also opportunity to evaluate an innovation

A
  1. Trialability
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18
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF INNOVATION AFFECTING ADOPTION

-Degree to which the results of an innovation can easily be observed by farmers
-directly proportional to the adoption of innovations
-Visible impact of an innovation facilitates the diffusion in the social system.

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A
  1. Observability
19
Q

REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION

  1. Perception of the technology by the farmer under his situation as superior and _________ than the existing technology or the other way.
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A

relatively advantageous

20
Q

REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION

  1. The farmer’s _________ towards the technology which in turn depends upon his socio-economic status which include his education, family size, type, herd size, income, etc.
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A

knowledge and attitude

21
Q

REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION

  1. The __________ and number of extension personnel per thousand farm families and or thousand animals.
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A

quality of extension service

22
Q

REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION

  1. The extent to which the ______ facilities and support services are accessible to the farmers.
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A

requisite infrastructure

23
Q

REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION

  1. The __________ also influence adoption or diffusion
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A

Biophysical Environment

24
Q

REASONS FOR ADOPTION REJECTION

  1. The ___________ -
    differences in access to resource such as capital, availability of credit, farms size, farmer’s individual need for change.
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A

Socio-economic Factors

25
CLIENTELE CHARACTERISTICS FOR ADOPTION
* educational level * family size * farmer’s experience * family aspiration * tenure status * value and belief systems * personality characteristics
26
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE AGENT _________ refers to the competency, trustworthiness and dynamism of the change agent as perceived by clients
Credibility-
27
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE AGENT _________ degree to which the change agent has rapport with the clientele, his sense of belongingness.
Homophily -
28
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHANGE AGENT _________ personal attributes such as intelligence, emphatic ability, commitment, resourcefulness, concern for farm people, ability to communicate, persuasiveness and development orientation
Personality traits-
29
REASONS FOR ADOPTION/ REJECTION Blame
Individual Blame Hypothesis System-Blame Hypothesis Pro Innovation Bias
30
1. Make sure that the critical elements in technology adoption are the characteristics of technology, socio-personal characteristics of the farmer, quality of extension and accessibility of infrastructure facilities, which are appropriate and matching.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
31
2. Make sure that the technology developed addresses the need of the farmers and is definitely superior to the existing technology. The researcher must be in close touch with the user of his/her technology starting from planning the research project to the final evaluation of the project.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
32
3. Field-testing of technologies is essential for identifying the conditions suitable for technology adoption as well as for modifying it to suit the requirements of the target group. It is worth conducting on farm trials to test and evaluate the technologies.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
33
4. Efforts must be made to educate the farmers to improve their knowledge and skill to change their attitude favorable to the technologies.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
34
5. The knowledge of the farmer which is a pre-requisite to the adoption could be reinforced through a combination of communications media, such as Radio, TV and through demonstrations and group discussions
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
35
6. The extension agencies must strive hard to translate the technologies into suitable messages so as to enable the illiterate farmers to understand the message without any ambiguity.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
36
7. Motivation of the farmers to increase production.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
37
8. Constant interaction between the scientists, extension personnel and farmers to discuss various issues pertaining to technology development, processing, refinement and utilization.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
38
9. Making sure that all the necessary technical inputs in adequate quantities
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
39
10.Efficient livestock marketing network must be created in the area as it motivates the farmers to improve the production.
IMPROVING THE RATE OF ADOPTION
40
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS
a) Innovators (Venturesome) b) Early adopters (Respectable) c) Early majority (Deliberate) d) Late majority (Skeptical) e) Laggards (Traditional)
41
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS -States that individuals who are risk-takers or otherwise innovative will adopt an innovation earlier in the continuum of adoption/diffusion.
Individual Innovativeness Theory
42
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS -Degree to which an individual is relatively earlier in adopting new ideas than the other members of the system. -It is the best single indicator of modernization
Innovativeness
43
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS -Degree to which an individual is relatively earlier in adopting new ideas than the other members of the system. -It is the best single indicator of modernization
Innovativeness
44
CLASSIFICATION OF ADOPTERS -It is defined as the process by which individuals change from a traditional way of life to a more complex, technologically advanced, and rapidly changing style of life.
Modernization
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