Dig2

Question 1

What is the difference between pancreas and parotid gland histologically?

Answer 1

They both secrete serous glands

• less fat tissue, fewer cross sections of duct, contains islets of langerhans
• no striated ducts

Question 2

What does cells and ducts in the pancreas secrete?

Answer 2

proteases, proenzymes and bicarbonate from (brunner glands and intercalated ducts)

Question 3

Once acid and lipids enters duodenum. GEP cells secrete what 2 hormones? And what is the response of these hormones?

Answer 3

1.) Cholecystokinin (CCK):
Stimulates the secretory units to release their zymogen granules
2.)Secretin: Stimulates the intercalated duct system to release a watery, alkaline solution

Question 4

What nerve is responsible for half of pancreatic secretions?

Answer 4

Vagus

Question 5

What are the general terms for the type of input provided for proper timing and release of pancreatic secretory products?

Answer 5

Hormonal and neural inputs

Question 6

What is bile made up of and the percentages of each component.

Answer 6

1. ) Bile salts (50%)
2. Lecithin: (30-40%)
3. Cholesterol (5%)
4. Bilirubin: (2%)

Question 7

what is lecithin?

Answer 7

phospholipid that is the major fat emulsifying agent in bile

Question 8

What are the functions of hepatocytes?

Answer 8

• CHO metabolism (storage of glycogen, release of glucose)
• Protein and lipid metabolism
• Formation of bile
• Detoxification of drugs and toxins
• Reduction and conjugation of adrenal and gonadal steroids
• Synthesis of plasma proteins

Question 9

Which organ is the organ to receive nutrients and toxins that have been absorbed by the gut?

Answer 9

liver

Question 10

what does the portal area contain?

Answer 10

hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct, lymph vessel, nerve

Question 11

the space of Disse contains what cell type and what is its function?

Answer 11

Ito cells: store Vitamin A in lipid droplets.

Pathogenically, differentiates into myofibroblast and synthesize collagen.

Question 12

What type of molecules does hepatocytes produce?

Answer 12

glucuronide (deactivate hormone)

• serum proteins
• blood clotting proteins
• angiotensinogen

Question 13

What is the function of the liver

Answer 13

1. Major site of gluconeogenesis
2. Synthesizes all of the nonessential amino acids—major storage site of iron and vitamin A, D, and B12
3. cholesterol biosynthesis and lipoprotein